<\/p>\n
Vitam\u00edn D bol objaven\u00fd ako \u0161tvrt\u00fd v\u00a0porad\u00ed, preto dostal n\u00e1zov pod\u013ea \u0161tvrt\u00e9ho p\u00edsmena v\u00a0abecede. Na zozname vitam\u00ednov, ktor\u00e9 najviac ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa na\u0161u imunitu, by v\u0161ak mal by\u0165 prv\u00fd. Z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 kroky k\u00a0pochopeniu nezastupite\u013enej funkcie \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c v\u00a0\u013eudskom organizme urobil\u00a0 nen\u00e1padn\u00fd a\u00a0dnes takmer zabudnut\u00fd nemeck\u00fd lek\u00e1r a chemik Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus. Sk\u00famal steroly, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00e1my cholesterol tak dlho a\u00a0tak d\u00f4kladne, a\u017e z\u00a0toho bola v\u00a0roku 1928 Nobelova cena. Jedna z\u00a0t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e1 nadlho ovplyvnila v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0danej oblasti. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Windaus zistil, \u017ee steroly maj\u00fa priame napojenie na vitam\u00edny, napr\u00edklad ergosterol sa p\u00f4soben\u00edm ultrafialov\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia men\u00ed na vitam\u00edn D, ur\u010dil jeho \u0161trukt\u00faru a zvl\u00e1dol i jeho v\u00fdrobu v laborat\u00f3riu. Tento vitam\u00edn, rozpustn\u00fd v\u00a0tukoch, si v\u0161ak ako jeden z\u00a0m\u00e1la vitam\u00ednov vie organizmus vyrobi\u0165 aj s\u00e1m s\u00a0pomocou vlastn\u00e9ho laborat\u00f3ria – pe\u010dene a\u00a0obli\u010diek. Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd je aj fakt, \u017ee \u201ed\u00e9\u010dko\u201c p\u00f4sob\u00ed na imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m dvojak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom: slab\u00fa imunitu vie podpori\u0165, ale prehnan\u00fa imunitn\u00fa aktivitu, ktor\u00e1 je rovnako nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 ako ne\u010dinnos\u0165, naopak utlmuje. Ke\u010f sa prenesieme do dne\u0161ka, obe tieto vlastnosti s\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pri prevencii a\u00a0azda aj\u00a0lie\u010dbe covidu, ktor\u00fd sa stal v\u00a0ned\u00e1vnom obdob\u00ed stra\u0161iakom prakticky pre cel\u00fd svet. A\u00a0u\u017e ke\u010f sme si mysleli, \u017ee sme sa ho zbavili, za\u00fato\u010dil znova. Zatia\u013e \u201eiba\u201c v\u00a0\u010c\u00edne, \u010do v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa znova nedo\u010dk\u00e1me z\u00e1kazu vych\u00e1dzania a\u00a0in\u00fdch covidov\u00fdch \u201epr\u00edjemnost\u00ed\u201c aj v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nejasn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o \u201elieku na covid\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n V\u00a0ned\u00e1vnom obdob\u00ed sa \u201ed\u00e9\u010dko\u201c stalo relat\u00edvne r\u00fdchlo vitam\u00ednovou superhviezdou, ktor\u00e1 na seba strhla pozornos\u0165 \u0161irok\u00e9ho okruhu \u013eud\u00ed. Aj mnoh\u00fdch vedcov. U\u017e prv\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy nazna\u010dovali, \u017ee t\u00ed z n\u00e1s, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa v\u00a0krvi ni\u017e\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 tohto slne\u010dn\u00e9ho vitam\u00ednu, podliehaj\u00fa v\u00edrusovej n\u00e1kaze \u010dastej\u0161ie a\u00a0maj\u00fa hor\u0161iu progn\u00f3zu v\u00fdvoja ochorenia a vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko \u00famrtia. Napr\u00edklad v\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie Michaela F. Holicka z\u00a0lek\u00e1rskej fakulty Bostonskej univerzity, ktor\u00e1 preverila vzorky krvi 235 hospitalizovan\u00fdch pacientov s\u00a0covidom, boli ve\u013eavravn\u00e9: vy\u0161e 40-ro\u010dn\u00fdm pacientom s\u00a0vyhovuj\u00facou hladinou vitam\u00ednu D v\u00a0krvi hrozilo o polovicu ni\u017e\u0161ie riziko \u00famrtia ne\u017e t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed potrebn\u00fa hladinu nemali. \u0160t\u00fadiu zverejnil prest\u00ed\u017eny PLOS ONE v\u00a0septembri 2020. Rovnako tak druh\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia toho ist\u00e9ho autora tvrdila, \u017ee \u013eudia s\u00a0dostatkom D vitam\u00ednu v\u00a0krvi s\u00fa vystaven\u00ed iba polovi\u010dn\u00e9mu riziku covidovej n\u00e1kazy. Na v\u00fdskum v\u0161ak mal k\u00a0dispoz\u00edcii iba 50 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n In\u00e9, rozsiahlej\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e9 brali do \u00favahy viacer\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy na \u0161ir\u0161ej vzorke \u013eud\u00ed, z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c pri prevencii a\u00a0najm\u00e4 lie\u010dbe ochoren\u00ed Covid-19 nepotvrdzovali. Varovali naopak pred u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vok tohto vitam\u00ednu, lebo ten sa z\u00a0organizmu nevylu\u010duje a\u00a0mo\u017eno sa n\u00edm aj pred\u00e1vkova\u0165, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee prinies\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 in\u00e9 ne\u017eiaduce probl\u00e9my (typicky nahromadenie pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9ho mno\u017estva v\u00e1pnika v\u00a0krvi a\u00a0zv\u00e1penatenie tkan\u00edv). Stanovisk\u00e1 prest\u00ed\u017enych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed ako americk\u00fd N\u00e1rodn\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat zdravia a\u00a0britsk\u00fd N\u00e1rodn\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat pre zdravie hovorili jasne: odborn\u00edci ani jedn\u00e9ho z\u00a0nich nena\u0161li v\u00a0praxi dostato\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy, ktor\u00e9 by sved\u010dili v\u00a0prospech u\u017e\u00edvania vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vok \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c v r\u00e1mci\u00a0prevencie alebo lie\u010dby covidu. S\u00fa\u010dasne v\u0161ak uviedli, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010dase silnej\u00faceho covidu (bolo to v\u00a0roku 2020) je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 v\u00a0krvi dostato\u010dne vysok\u00fa hladinu, lebo t\u00e1 podporuje \u010dinnos\u0165 imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a udr\u017eiava\u00a0zdrav\u00e9 kosti a\u00a0svaly.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Patr\u00ed do arzen\u00e1lu prevencie<\/strong><\/p>\n Nevyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd prim\u00e1t medzi vitam\u00ednmi podporuj\u00facimi imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m a celkov\u00e9 zdravie si v\u0161ak \u201ed\u00e9\u010dko\u201c napriek r\u00f4znym n\u00e1zorom zachovalo. Dokonca upevnilo. Nar\u00e1stol po\u010det odborn\u00edkov aj praktick\u00fdch lek\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed na tento vitam\u00edn nedaj\u00fa dopusti\u0165 a zaradili ho do \u0161ir\u0161ieho arzen\u00e1lu proticovidovej prevencie. Plat\u00ed to najm\u00e4 pri\u00a0najohrozenej\u0161ej skupine \u013eud\u00ed, ktorou s\u00fa jednozna\u010dne seniori. \u010ealej s\u00fa na zozname ohrozen\u00fdch jedincov \u013eudia s\u00a0podlomen\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm a\/alebo s vysokou\u00a0nadv\u00e1hou, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk menej biologicky akt\u00edvnej formy vitam\u00ednu D v\u00a0krvi, lebo sa im uklad\u00e1 v\u00a0telesnom tuku, kde je \u00faplne zbyto\u010dn\u00fd. Ob\u00e9znych \u013eud\u00ed r\u00f4zneho veku a s\u00a0r\u00f4znym stup\u0148om zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho BMI (body mass index, index telesnej hmotnosti) je vo svete u\u017e vy\u0161e 2 mili\u00e1rd. Celkovo s\u00fa \u0161tatistiky ne\u00faprosn\u00e9: ka\u017ed\u00fd desiaty Eur\u00f3pan m\u00e1 vysok\u00fd deficit vitam\u00ednu D v krvi, pribli\u017ene dve p\u00e4tiny obyvate\u013eov n\u00e1\u0161ho kontinentu maj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161iu hladinu D vitam\u00ednu ne\u017e ak\u00fa odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa lek\u00e1ri. V\u00a0USA je tak\u00fdchto \u013eud\u00ed pribli\u017ene polovica.<\/p>\n T\u00ed v\u0161etci, a\u00a0nielen oni, by mali venova\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa pozornos\u0165 skladbe svojho jed\u00e1lneho l\u00edstka a \u017eivotn\u00e9mu \u0161t\u00fdlu. Teda napr\u00edklad aj tomu, ko\u013eko vitam\u00ednu D m\u00e1 k\u00a0dispoz\u00edcii ich imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, aby zablokoval alebo aspo\u0148 skomplikoval cesty, ktor\u00fdmi prenik\u00e1 v\u00edrus covidu do bunky. Dnes si mo\u017eno hodnoty D vitam\u00ednu v krvi zmera\u0165 aj dom\u00e1cim testom, cena ktor\u00e9ho sa pohybuje okolo 10 eur. Najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0najpresnej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom je v\u0161ak po\u017eiada\u0165 o\u00a0t\u00fato slu\u017ebu svojho lek\u00e1ra. Ten by v\u00e1m mal tie\u017e vysvetli\u0165, ko\u013eko vitam\u00ednu D by ste mali denne dop\u013a\u0148a\u0165, ak ho m\u00e1te nedostatok.<\/p>\n Dnes vieme, \u017ee D vitam\u00edn ovplyv\u0148uje expresiu viac ako 200 g\u00e9nov. V\u00a0podstate teda v\u010faka najr\u00f4znej\u0161\u00edm mechanizmom rozhoduje o\u00a0tom, ako sa konkr\u00e9tna g\u00e9nov\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia z DNA \u201eprep\u00ed\u0161e\u201c do funk\u010dnej bielkoviny a\u00a0ako bude s\u00a0jej pomocou bunka plni\u0165 svoje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie. Napr\u00edklad udr\u017eiava\u0165 v\u00a0norme krvn\u00fd tlak. Vedci u\u017e d\u00e1vnej\u0161ie dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee priemern\u00e9 hodnoty krvn\u00e9ho tlaku v\u00a0\u013eudskej popul\u00e1cii sa riadia zauj\u00edmavou z\u00e1konitos\u0165ou: \u010d\u00edm \u010falej od rovn\u00edka, t\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tlak, lebo t\u00fdm menej \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c \u013eudia z\u00edskaj\u00fa zo slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. Naopak \u013eudia \u010diernej pleti \u017eij\u00faci v\u00a0severnej\u0161\u00edch p\u00e1smach maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m so z\u00edskavan\u00edm vitam\u00ednu D zo slnka, lebo tmav\u00e1 ko\u017ea odr\u00e1\u017ea viac l\u00fa\u010dov.<\/p>\n \u201eD\u00e9\u010dko\u201c zohr\u00e1va svoju \u00falohu aj v\u00a0zni\u017eovan\u00ed rizika v\u00fdvoja cukrovky druh\u00e9ho typu (teda nie vrodenej, ale z\u00edskanej po\u010das \u017eivota), obmedzuje pravdepodobnos\u0165 v\u00fdskytu depresie, dokonca autizmu alebo roztr\u00fasenej skler\u00f3zy. Najnov\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy hovoria aj o (ur\u010ditej)\u00a0ochrane pred demenciou, teda najm\u00e4 ob\u00e1vanou Alzheimerovou chorobou.<\/p>\n Samostatnou kapitolou s\u00fa zhubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory. Tie v\u00a0princ\u00edpe vznikaj\u00fa tak, \u017ee v\u00a0jednej jedinej bunke zlyhaj\u00fa ochrann\u00e9 mechanizmy, bunka sa \u201eutrhne z\u00a0re\u0165aze\u201c a\u00a0za\u010dne sa nekontrolovane mno\u017ei\u0165. Spr\u00e1vna hladina \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c, ktor\u00e9 je zapojen\u00e9 napr\u00edklad v\u00a0str\u00e1\u017een\u00ed prolifer\u00e1cie (r\u00fdchleho opakovan\u00e9ho delenia) bunky, preto umo\u017e\u0148uje zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko vzniku zhubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov najr\u00f4znej\u0161ieho typu (vaje\u010dn\u00edkov, prsn\u00edka, hrub\u00e9ho \u010dreva…). Samozrejme, nie v\u0161etk\u00fdch, napr\u00edklad pri rakovine prostaty m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vysok\u00e1 hladina vitam\u00ednu D naopak ur\u010dit\u00fdm rizikov\u00fdm faktorom.<\/p>\n S\u00a0trochou fant\u00e1zie si teda m\u00f4\u017eeme predstavi\u0165 \u201emedzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 jednotky vitam\u00ednu D\u201c (IU), v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa uv\u00e1dza jeho obsah v\u00a0potravinov\u00fdch doplnkoch, v\u00a0poz\u00edcii roty vojakov, ktor\u00e1 nikdy nesp\u00ed. Ak ich je dostatok, m\u00f4\u017eu ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u0161etky im zveren\u00e9 bunky. Ke\u010f prest\u00e1vaj\u00fa st\u00edha\u0165 a\u00a0nem\u00f4\u017eu zasiahnu\u0165 v\u0161ade, kde by to organizmus potreboval,\u00a0m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m. Zlo\u017eitos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00e9ho v\u0161ak spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0tom, \u017ee vznik takej z\u00e1va\u017enej choroby ovplyv\u0148uje ve\u013ea in\u00fdch faktorov. V\u00a0tomto zmysle nemo\u017eno opomen\u00fa\u0165 najm\u00e4 spr\u00e1vnu funkciu g\u00e9nu TP53. Ten riadi v\u00fdrobu bielkoviny p 53, ktor\u00e1 je v\u0161eobecne pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za najzodpovednej\u0161ieho str\u00e1\u017ecu zdravia n\u00e1\u0161ho gen\u00f3mu. Reguluje toti\u017e expresiu mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch g\u00e9nov, ktor\u00e9 kontroluj\u00fa rast buniek vr\u00e1tane ich apopt\u00f3zy, teda programovanej bunkovej smrti. Ak p 53 n\u00e1jde po\u0161koden\u00fa DNA, spust\u00ed transkripciu inej bielkoviny, ktorej cie\u013eom je zastavi\u0165 delenie bunky dovtedy, k\u00fdm sa po\u0161koden\u00e9 miesto neoprav\u00ed. Ke\u010f to nedok\u00e1\u017ee, a\u017e potom spust\u00ed v\u00a0bunke apopt\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Michal A\u010d<\/p>\n foto iStock<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok si pre\u010d\u00edtate vo febru\u00e1rovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2023)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Vitam\u00edn D bol objaven\u00fd ako \u0161tvrt\u00fd v\u00a0porad\u00ed, preto dostal n\u00e1zov pod\u013ea \u0161tvrt\u00e9ho p\u00edsmena v\u00a0abecede. Na zozname vitam\u00ednov, ktor\u00e9 najviac ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa na\u0161u imunitu, by v\u0161ak mal by\u0165 prv\u00fd. Z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 kroky k\u00a0pochopeniu nezastupite\u013enej funkcie \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c v\u00a0\u013eudskom organizme urobil\u00a0 nen\u00e1padn\u00fd a\u00a0dnes takmer zabudnut\u00fd nemeck\u00fd lek\u00e1r a chemik Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus. Sk\u00famal steroly, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00e1my cholesterol tak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117,106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-februar-2023","category-veda"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10967"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10969,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10967\/revisions\/10969"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}