{"id":11039,"date":"2023-03-10T17:14:41","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T15:14:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=11039"},"modified":"2023-03-10T17:14:41","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T15:14:41","slug":"miriam-rothschild-kralovna-blch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/miriam-rothschild-kralovna-blch\/","title":{"rendered":"Miriam Rothschild &#8211; Kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 b\u013ach"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Rothchildovci &#8211; dynastia \u00fadajn\u00fdch svetovl\u00e1dcov. Dodnes s\u00fa predmetom t\u00fdch najfantazmagorickej\u0161\u00edch kon\u0161pir\u00e1ci\u00ed a\u00a0ich meno priam kri\u010d\u00ed bohatstvom, ktor\u00e9 sa \u00fadajne r\u00e1ta v\u00a0stovk\u00e1ch mili\u00e1rd. Miriam Rothschild, praprapravnu\u010dka zakladate\u013ea rodu, je jednou z\u00a0nich. Dedi\u010dka imp\u00e9ria? Ani n\u00e1hodou! Nikto si ju takto neodva\u017eoval titulova\u0165. D\u00e1mu Miriam Rothschild toti\u017e v\u0161etky svetov\u00e9 encyklop\u00e9die uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ako jednu <\/em><em>z popredn\u00fdch britsk\u00fdch pr\u00edrodovedk\u00fd\u0148, svetov\u00fa autoritu v oblasti b\u013ach a\u00a0mot\u00fd\u013eov. A vo svojej rodine v\u00f4bec nebola jedin\u00e1, kto namiesto megalomansk\u00fdch bankov\u00fdch \u0161pekul\u00e1cii preparoval hmyz a\u00a0rad\u0161ej ako hos\u0165om na dekadentn\u00fdch ve\u010dierkoch sa venoval svojim ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm vt\u00e1kom, <\/em><em>kazu\u00e1rom ve\u013ekoprilb\u00fdm.<\/em><em>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s-533_profimedia-0352556122.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11042 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s-533_profimedia-0352556122-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s-533_profimedia-0352556122-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s-533_profimedia-0352556122-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s-533_profimedia-0352556122.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Pre\u010do boli \u017didia tak\u00ed dobr\u00ed obchodn\u00edci? Vypracovali sa. Napr\u00edklad aj preto, \u017ee vlastn\u00edctvo ako tak\u00e9 im bolo po st\u00e1ro\u010dia zak\u00e1zan\u00e9. Nesmeli vlastni\u0165 a\u00a0obr\u00e1ba\u0165 p\u00f4du, napr\u00edklad, a tak h\u013eadali dieru na trhu. A\u00a0na\u0161li ju v po\u017ei\u010diavan\u00ed pe\u0148az\u00ed na \u00farok, ktor\u00e9 zbo\u017en\u00fdm kres\u0165anom cirkev pr\u00edsne zakazovala. Trochu inak na to \u0161iel otec Mayera Amschela Rothchilda, zakladate\u013ea rodu. Pracoval ako \u201emeni\u010d pe\u0148az\u00ed\u201c &#8211; za ur\u010dit\u00fa prov\u00edziu vymie\u0148al cudzie mince, napr\u00edklad od obchodn\u00edka, ktor\u00fd pri\u0161iel do ich mesta nak\u00fapi\u0165 tovar, za dom\u00e1cu menu. Nemuselo \u00eds\u0165 pri tom o\u00a0cudzinca z\u00a0\u010falekej tramt\u00e1rie, v\u00a0stredoveku si r\u00f4zne mest\u00e1 \u010dasto razili vlastn\u00e9 peniaze, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi platili len oni. Ke\u010f meni\u010d pe\u0148az\u00ed overil a\u00a0stanovil cenu cudz\u00edch minc\u00ed, bu\u010f ich zamenil za miestne obe\u017eivo, alebo sprostredkoval \u010dosi, \u010do by sme dnes nazvali bezhotovostn\u00fd platobn\u00fd styk. Av\u0161ak napriek tomu, \u017ee handloval s\u00a0peniazmi, otec Mayera Rothschilda zost\u00e1val biednym \u017didom, spolu so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi ostatn\u00fdmi pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkmi Bohom vyvolen\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, vytesnen\u00fd na okraj spolo\u010dnosti. Vo Frankfurte b\u00fdval v\u00a0\u017eidovskom gete, na tzv. Judengasse. Na mieste, ktor\u00e9 malo p\u00f4vodne po\u0148a\u0165 sto obyvate\u013eov, sa ich tiesnilo vy\u0161e tritis\u00edc. Judengasse ist\u00fd nemeck\u00fd b\u00e1snik ozna\u010dil za \u201etemn\u00fa kobku\u201c, kde sotva prenikne slnko. \u201eV\u0161ade okolo sa \u0161\u00edri pr\u00ed\u0161ern\u00fd z\u00e1pach, blatov\u00e1 bre\u010dka. Deti sa pl\u00e1caj\u00fa v\u00a0stoke, plazia v\u00a0blate ako h\u00e1ve\u010f, ktor\u00e1 sa v\u00a0tepl\u00fdch slne\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00fa\u010doch vyliahla na hromade hnoja.\u201c \u017divot obyvate\u013eov geta podliehal pr\u00edsnym pravidl\u00e1m. Mali zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 opusti\u0165 geto po zotmen\u00ed, v nede\u013eu a na kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 sviatky. Vstup do mesta bol povolen\u00fd len na obchodn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a\u00a0jednotlivo, nanajv\u00fd\u0161 po dvoch. \u017didia, v\u017edy ozna\u010den\u00ed \u017elt\u00fdm kruhom, nesmeli nav\u0161tevova\u0165 kr\u010dmy, ani \u017eiadne verejn\u00e9 priestranstv\u00e1, kostol museli ob\u00eds\u0165 na tridsa\u0165 metrov a\u00a0ke\u010f stretli kres\u0165ana, boli povinn\u00ed s\u0148a\u0165 si \u010diapku z hlavy, odvr\u00e1ti\u0165 zrak a\u00a0\u010delom sa pritisn\u00fa\u0165 k\u00a0najbli\u017e\u0161iemu m\u00faru&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dvorn\u00fd agent Jeho V\u00fdsosti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mayer Amschel pri\u0161iel na svet vo frankfurtskom \u017eidovskom gete v\u00a0roku 1744 v\u00a0dome \u201ePod \u010derven\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edtom\u201c. Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00a0t\u00fdch \u010dasoch prost\u00fd \u013eud nevedel \u010d\u00edta\u0165, r\u00f4zne symboly a farby suplovali n\u00e1zvy a\u00a0\u010d\u00edsla ul\u00edc. Z\u00a0ozna\u010denia \u201eZum roten Schild\u201c nesk\u00f4r vzniklo priezvisko Rothschild. Mayer poch\u00e1dzal z\u00a0\u00f4smich s\u00farodencov, pri\u010dom pre\u017eili piati. Po smrti rodi\u010dov (otec pod\u013eahol epid\u00e9mi\u00ed kiahn\u00ed) ho poslali ako dvan\u00e1s\u0165- \u010di trin\u00e1s\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e9ho do Hannoveru, kde pracoval u\u00a0Wolfa Jacoba Oppenheimera,\u201edvorn\u00e9ho faktora\u201c vojvodu Clemensa Augusta I. Dvorn\u00fd faktor bol \u010dlovek, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a \u017eidovskej viery, preto sa hovorilo aj \u201edvorn\u00fd \u017did\u201c (a e\u0161te aj \u201edvorn\u00fd agent\u201c), ktor\u00fd \u0161\u013eachticom zabezpe\u010doval finan\u010dn\u00e9 transakcie a zh\u00e1\u0148al r\u00f4zny luxusn\u00fd tovar do ich kuri\u00f3znych zbierok, vr\u00e1tane staro\u017eitn\u00fdch minc\u00ed. Na to v\u0161ak bolo potrebn\u00e9 vy\u0161koli\u0165 sa v\u00a0numizmatike a\u00a0hist\u00f3rii a\u00a0v\u0161etky tieto zru\u010dnosti sa\u00a0Mayer nau\u010dil u\u00a0Oppenheimera. V\u00a0dvadsiatke bol u\u017e hotov\u00fd fachman, pripraven\u00fd pusti\u0165 sa do svojho biznisu. Mal k\u00a0dispoz\u00edci\u00ed nieko\u013eko katal\u00f3gov star\u00fdch gr\u00e9ckych a r\u00edmskych minc\u00ed, medail\u00ed, drah\u00fdch kame\u0148ov a\u00a0in\u00fdch staro\u017eitnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 rozoslal potenci\u00e1lnym z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom. K\u00a0jeho najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00edm klientom patril korunn\u00fd princ Wilhelm Hesensk\u00fd, jeden z\u00a0najbohat\u0161\u00edch mu\u017eov Eur\u00f3py, z\u00a0ktor\u00e9ho sa nesk\u00f4r stal kr\u00e1\u013e Wilhelm IX. Postupom \u010dasu sa Rothschild prepracoval a\u017e na jeho dvorn\u00e9ho agenta. Mal 25 rokov, ke\u010f si mohol na svoj dom v\u00a0Judengasse pribi\u0165 tabu\u013eku s\u00a0odkazom: \u201eM. A. Rothschild, dod\u00e1vate\u013e na dvore Jeho sl\u00e1vnej V\u00fdsosti, dedi\u010dn\u00e9ho knie\u017ea\u0165a Wilhelma Hesensk\u00e9ho, gr\u00f3fa z\u00a0Hanau\u201c. Tento titul mu s\u00edce nezabezpe\u010dil \u017eiadne pr\u00e1va navy\u0161e, st\u00e1le bol len oby\u010dajn\u00fd \u017did, ale dobre sa vyn\u00edmal pri obchodovan\u00ed s\u00a0in\u00fdmi n\u00f3bl z\u00e1kazn\u00edkmi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0dvadsiatich \u0161iestich rokoch sa o\u017eenil so 17-ro\u010dnou Gutle Schnapper. Samozrejme, \u0161lo o dohodnut\u00e9 man\u017eelstvo, do ktor\u00e9ho Gutle priniesla slu\u0161n\u00e9 veno &#8211; suma 2.400 guldenov zhruba zodpovedala ro\u010dn\u00e9mu pr\u00edjmu jej man\u017eela. A Mayer ich okam\u017eite vlo\u017eil do svojho biznisu. Gutle porodila celkom 20 det\u00ed (desa\u0165 z nich, p\u00e4\u0165 diev\u010dat a p\u00e4\u0165 chlapcov, dosiahlo dospelos\u0165). Diev\u010dat\u00e1 ho nijako nezauj\u00edmali, s\u00a0chlapcami mal v\u0161ak st\u00e1le \u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0bohat\u0161\u00ed Mayer Amschel Rothschild svoje pl\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00e4\u0165 \u0161\u00edpov bankovn\u00edctva\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Obchod s\u00a0mincami mu u\u017e nesta\u010dil a st\u00e1le viac sa orientoval na bankov\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Poskytoval a\u00a0sprostredkov\u00e1val r\u00f4zne formy p\u00f4\u017ei\u010diek a\u00a0prevody pe\u0148az\u00ed pre \u0161\u013eachticov, princov, vojvodov, \u010dlenov kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch rod\u00edn a\u00a0vlad\u00e1rov, \u010do h\u00fdbali dejinami. Okrem toho, \u017ee do praxe zaviedol r\u00f4zne formy finan\u010dn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed a polo\u017eil tak z\u00e1klady modern\u00e9ho bankovn\u00edctva, svoj \u00faspech vybudoval na absol\u00fatnej diskr\u00e9tnosti a\u00a0tom, \u010domu sa dnes hovor\u00ed bankov\u00e9 tajomstvo. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e vo svojej knihe spisovate\u013eka Hannah Rothschild patriaca do sl\u00e1vnej rodiny: \u201eStoro\u010dia prenasledovania vychovali Rothschildovcov k\u00a0tajnostk\u00e1rsku a\u00a0uzavretosti. Nedok\u00e1zali d\u00f4verova\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom mimo svojej rodiny&#8230; Ich talent na zar\u00e1banie pe\u0148az\u00ed spolu s\u00a0v\u00e1\u0161nivou potrebou za ka\u017ed\u00fa cenu udr\u017ea\u0165 tajomstvo z\u00a0nich robilo dokonal\u00fdch bank\u00e1rov.\u201c Mayer nebol rozhadzova\u010dn\u00fd selad\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd, len \u010do zarobil peniaze, utopil ich v\u00a0radov\u00e1nkach \u017eivota. Synov nau\u010dil, \u017ee v\u017edy musia \u010das\u0165 ziskov pou\u017ei\u0165 na financovanie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch obchodn\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt. Taktie\u017e vyzn\u00e1val heslo, \u017ee \u201e\u010das a\u00a0inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa peniaze\u201c a\u00a0ke\u010f\u017ee sa aj v\u00a0tomto smere spoliehal len na svoju rodinu, vyslal do sveta, resp. do piatich ekonomick\u00fdch centier vtedaj\u0161ej Eur\u00f3py, svojich piatich synov: najstar\u0161\u00ed Amschel zostal vo Frankfurte, Nathan Mayer zamieril do Lond\u00fdna, Karl do Neapola, Solomon sa usadil vo Viedni a James v\u00a0Par\u00ed\u017ei. Prostredn\u00edctvom rodiny si tak zabezpe\u010dil \u0161irok\u00e9 eur\u00f3pske spojenectvo pre svoje finan\u010dn\u00e9 aktivity. Ke\u010f v\u00a0roku 1812 Mayer Amschel zomrel, Rothschildova banka u\u017e bola najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fdm \u00fastavom v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe. Piati synovia otcove bohatstvo a\u00a0vplyv zve\u013eadili a\u017e do tej miery, \u017ee v\u00a0polovici 19. storo\u010dia ovl\u00e1dali finan\u010dn\u00e9 trhy a\u00a0h\u00fdbali nitkami v\u0161etk\u00e9ho diania v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe. Ich slu\u017eby vyu\u017e\u00edvali panovn\u00edci, kr\u00e1li, financovali r\u00f4zne strategick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dne projekty, napr\u00edklad k\u00fapu kontrolnej \u010dasti v\u00a0Suezskom prieplave britskou vl\u00e1dou, z\u00a0ich pe\u0148az\u00ed sa vyzbrojovali cel\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy&#8230; \u201eNik neza\u010dal vies\u0165 vojnu alebo sa\u00a0nechystal uzavrie\u0165 mier bez toho, aby sa poradil s\u00a0Rothschildovcami,\u201c poznamen\u00e1va Hannah Rothschild. Z\u00a0tohto obdobia poch\u00e1dza aj v\u00fdrok nemeck\u00e9ho b\u00e1snika Heinricha Heineho: \u201ePeniaze s\u00fa Bohom na\u0161ej doby a Rothschild je jeho prorokom.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Walter, \u010do jazd\u00ed na korytna\u010dke<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0rovnakom \u010dase v\u0161ak po Eur\u00f3pe koloval aj pamflet proti Rothschildovcom, v\u00a0ktorom sa p\u00edsalo: \u201eRod Rothschildovcov je ako nejak\u00fd rozcapen\u00fd parazituj\u00faci \u00fatvar, ktor\u00fd sa rozlieza po celej krajine od Frankfurtu cez Par\u00ed\u017e a\u017e do Lond\u00fdna.\u201c O\u00a0svetovl\u00e1de nemeck\u00fdch bank\u00e1rov u\u017e kolovali b\u00e1jky, nie ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0rodiny sa v\u0161ak narodil s\u00a0talentom na zar\u00e1banie pe\u0148az\u00ed. Lionel Walter Rothschild, pravnuk zakladate\u013ea lond\u00fdnskej vetvy Nathana Mayera, ani z\u010faleka neprejavoval tak\u00fd z\u00e1pal pre financie ako jeho predkovia. Dlh\u00e1\u0148 Walter (meral 191 cm) mal chatrn\u00e9 zdravie a\u00a0vadu re\u010di, v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku \u010doho bol ve\u013emi plach\u00fd. U\u017e ako die\u0165a zbieral r\u00f4zny hmyz a\u00a0mot\u00fdle. Vzdel\u00e1vali ho doma, nesk\u00f4r str\u00e1vil dva roky v Cambridge, ale \u0161t\u00fadium nedokon\u010dil a\u00a0ako 21-ro\u010dn\u00fd nast\u00fapil do banky nes\u00facej jeho priezvisko. Pracoval tam dvadsa\u0165 rokov, cel\u00fd \u010das z\u00fafalo prestieraj\u00fac, \u017ee ho pr\u00e1ca bank\u00e1ra te\u0161\u00ed. Po \u0161tyridsiatke s t\u00fdm sekol a\u00a0kone\u010dne sa\u00a0na pln\u00fd \u00fav\u00e4zok za\u010dal venova\u0165 svojmu najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu kon\u00ed\u010dku: zool\u00f3gii. Cestoval po svete a\u00a0pre rothschildovsk\u00e9 zoologick\u00e9 m\u00fazeum (on a\u00a0jeho spolupracovn\u00edci) h\u013eadal a\u00a0zbieral r\u00f4zne zvieracie exempl\u00e1re,\u00a0objavoval a\u00a0popisoval nov\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ne druhy. Na jednej zo zachovan\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed z\u00a0roku 1902 ho vid\u00edme, ako obkro\u010dmo sed\u00ed na obrovskej korytna\u010dke, in\u00e1 fotka ho ukazuje na lond\u00fdnskej ulici v\u00a0ko\u010di \u0165ahanom \u0161tyrmi zebrami, aby tak dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee aj divok\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 sa daj\u00fa skroti\u0165. Okrem matky nemiloval \u017eiadnu in\u00fa \u017eenu a nikdy sa neo\u017eenil, hoci sa vie o\u00a0dvoch jeho milenk\u00e1ch a\u00a0jednej dc\u00e9re a\u00a0tie\u017e o\u00a0vydieran\u00ed zo strany istej vydatej d\u00e1my, kv\u00f4li ktor\u00e9mu musel do Ameriky preda\u0165 \u010das\u0165 svojej milovanej zbierky. Postupom \u010dasu sa jeho z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0\u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nu r\u00ed\u0161u z\u00fa\u017eil na vt\u00e1ky a\u00a0hmyz. V\u00a0rodinnom s\u00eddle Tring Park v\u00a0gr\u00f3fstve Hertfordshire choval kazu\u00e1re ve\u013ekoprilb\u00e9 (podobn\u00e9 vt\u00e1kovi emu), ktor\u00e9 dosahovali v\u00fd\u0161ku dospel\u00e9ho \u010dloveka a n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov desili svoj\u00edm \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdm chovan\u00edm. Ke\u010f jeden z\u00a0nich napadol ko\u0148a, otec Walterovi zak\u00e1zal roz\u0161irova\u0165 \u010falej ich zbierku. On v\u00a0nej v\u0161ak pokra\u010doval za otcov\u00fdm chrbtom a v\u00a0roku 1900 vydal monografiu, v ktorej pop\u00edsal a\u00a0pomenoval nieko\u013eko nov\u00fdch kazu\u00e1r\u00edch druhov a\u00a0poddruhov. A vybudoval najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu zoologick\u00fa zbierku, ak\u00fa kedy nazhroma\u017edila s\u00fakromn\u00e1 osoba: 300.000 vt\u00e1\u010d\u00edch ko\u017e\u00ed, 200.000 vt\u00e1\u010d\u00edch vajec, 2.250.000 mot\u00fd\u013eov a\u00a0mol\u00ed,\u00a030.000 chrob\u00e1kov, ako aj tis\u00edce exempl\u00e1rov cicavcov, plazov a r\u00fdb. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu exempl\u00e1rov vystavil v m\u00fazeu Rothschildovcov v Tringu, ktor\u00e9 pre verejnos\u0165 otvoril v roku 1892. V\u00a0\u0148om sa okrem in\u00fdch kn\u00edh (i jeho vlastn\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch publik\u00e1ci\u00ed) nach\u00e1dza aj najkomplexnej\u0161ia ornitologick\u00e1 kni\u017enica na svete<em>. <\/em>Bar\u00f3n Rothschild sa tie\u017e zasl\u00fa\u017eil o\u00a0pomenovanie 175 nov\u00fdch rodov \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a mot\u00fd\u013eov a\u00a0mol\u00ed, ale aj vt\u00e1kov. Walter nemal potomkov, ale mal mlad\u0161ieho brata, ktor\u00fd sa rovnako v\u00e1\u0161nivo zauj\u00edmal o\u00a0pr\u00edrodu&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/v-141.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-11044\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/v-141-190x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"190\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/v-141-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/v-141-648x1024.jpg 648w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/v-141-768x1213.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/v-141-973x1536.jpg 973w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/v-141.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 190px) 100vw, 190px\" \/><\/a>Milovn\u00edk mot\u00fd\u013eov a\u00a0divok\u00e1 ru\u017ea<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Charles Rothschild sa vyznal aj v\u00a0entomol\u00f3gii (n\u00e1uka o\u00a0hmyze), aj v\u00a0bankovn\u00edctve. \u0160tudoval na Harrow School, jednej z\u00a0najprest\u00ed\u017enej\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0najdrah\u0161\u00edch \u0161k\u00f4l v\u00a0Anglicku, u\u017eil si v\u0161ak na nej svoje &#8211; kv\u00f4li \u0161ikane spolu\u017eiakov, preto\u017ee bol \u017did. \u201eAk budem ma\u0165 niekedy syna,\u201c nap\u00edsal mlad\u00fd Charles, \u201emus\u00ed sa e\u0161te pred vstupom do \u0161koly nau\u010di\u0165 box a\u00a0d\u017eiu-d\u017eitsu.\u201c V\u00a0jeho spomienkach \u0161kolsk\u00e9 \u201epo\u013eova\u010dky na \u017dida\u201c prebiehali tak, \u017ee ho spolu\u017eiaci, v\u0161etko v\u00fdkvet britskej aristokratickej ml\u00e1de\u017ee, nah\u00e1\u0148ali ako svorka psov l\u00ed\u0161ku a\u00a0ke\u010f ho chytili, zbili ho do krvi. O\u00a0Rothschildovcoch sa hovorilo, \u017ee sa sob\u00e1\u0161ia medzi sebou, aby bohatstvo ostalo v\u00a0rodine, ale bolo to aj kv\u00f4li tak\u00fdmto, otvoren\u00fdm \u010di skryt\u00fdm, prejavom nen\u00e1visti a antisemitizmu. Aj Charlesovi rodi\u010dia boli pokrvn\u00ed pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed, bratranec a\u00a0sesternica, mama poch\u00e1dzal z\u00a0nemeckej vetvy rodiny. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e Hannah Rotschild: \u201eKe\u010f ste sa narodili v\u00a0rodine Rothschildovcov, predpokladalo sa, \u017ee si zoberiete Rothschilda a\u00a0splod\u00edte Rothschilda.\u201c \u010co to v\u0161ak urob\u00ed s\u00a0va\u0161\u00edm genofondom, bolo ved\u013eaj\u0161ie. Charles trpel od mlad\u00e9ho veku depresiami, ktor\u00e9 mohli koreni\u0165 v\u00a0jeho naru\u0161enej genetickej v\u00fdbave. Ale ke\u010f sa jedno leto roku 1907 vybral na lov mot\u00fd\u013eov do Sedmohradska a\u00a0stretol tam Rozsiku von Wertheimstein, bola to l\u00e1ska na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead. Rozsike, ktor\u00e1 sa narodila v\u00a0Nagyv\u00e1rade v\u00a0Rak\u00fasko-Uhorsku (dnes Oradea v\u00a0Rumunsku), sa hovorilo aj \u201eDivok\u00e1 ru\u017ea\u201c. Vskutku to nebola \u017eiadna krehotinka, s\u00a0chlapcami preskakovala sudy, kor\u010du\u013eovala a\u00a0perfektne hrala tenis, dokonca z\u00edskala titul majsterky Ma\u010farska (v tom \u010dase sa tenis hral v\u00fdlu\u010dne v\u00a0aristokratickom prostred\u00ed). Bola \u00fadajne tie\u017e prv\u00e1 \u017eena, \u010do sa odv\u00e1\u017eila pod\u00e1va\u0165 lopti\u010dku vrchom &#8211; tento \u0161kandal\u00f3zny pohyb, pri ktorom sa jasne vyrysoval jej prav\u00fd prsn\u00edk, musela predvies\u0165 arcivojvodkyni, ktor\u00e1 si ju kv\u00f4li tomu zavolala a\u017e do Viedne. Rozsika bola vzdelan\u00e1, ovl\u00e1dala jazyky, ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 \u010d\u00edtala ma\u010farsk\u00e9, nemeck\u00e9 a\u00a0anglick\u00e9 noviny. Od Charlesa bola o\u00a0sedem rokov star\u0161ia a vzali sa, ke\u010f mala 34 rokov. \u0160tyri tehotenstv\u00e1 ju napokon skrotili a\u00a0prikovali k\u00a0rodinn\u00e9mu krbu. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 leto v\u0161ak Rothschildovci tr\u00e1vili v\u00a0jej rodnom Nagyv\u00e1rade, kde sa\u00a0Charles venoval svojej najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej z\u00e1\u013eube: blch\u00e1m. Zozbieral ich vy\u0161e \u0161tvr\u0165 mili\u00f3na, dodnes ide o\u00a0najkompletnej\u0161iu zbierku b\u013ach, ak\u00e1 kedy vznikla a\u00a0pop\u00edsal aj 500 nov\u00fdch druhov a\u00a0poddruhov. Na exempl\u00e1r Xenopsylla cheopis na\u010fabil po\u010das exped\u00edcie v\u00a0Sud\u00e1ne v\u00a0roku 1901. I\u0161lo o blchu zodpovedn\u00fa za bubonick\u00fd mor, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0minulosti valcoval obyvate\u013estvo Eur\u00f3py (v\u00a0rokoch 1346 &#8211; 1353 zahubil asi tretinu celej popul\u00e1cie). Blcha morov\u00e1 parazituje na hlodavcoch a\u00a0krys\u00e1ch, a tie sa nakazen\u00e9 bakt\u00e9riou z\u00a0\u010de\u013eade Enterobacteriaceae \u010dasto nach\u00e1dzali na lodiach a\u00a0takto mor pren\u00e1\u0161ali do pr\u00edstavov a\u00a0miest po celom svete.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e1ska k\u00a0pr\u00edrode viedla Charlesa k tomu, aby sa za\u010dal zauj\u00edma\u0165 o\u00a0jej ochranu. Zasl\u00fa\u017eil sa o zalo\u017eenie prvej pr\u00edrodnej rezerv\u00e1cie vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii, v lokalite mokrad\u00ed Wicken Fen, ktor\u00fa vz\u00e1p\u00e4t\u00ed daroval organiz\u00e1cii National Trust, ktor\u00e1 sa v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii zaober\u00e1 ochranou pamiatok a\u00a0pr\u00edrody. On s\u00e1m aj s\u00a0rodinou \u017eil na panstve Ashton Wold, obklopen\u00fd panenskou pr\u00edrodou, lesmi, l\u00fakami a\u00a0pastvinami, nad ktor\u00fdmi poletovali tis\u00edce mot\u00fd\u013eov. Tam sa narodila i jeho prv\u00e1 dc\u00e9ra Miriam.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diev\u010da s\u00a0pristrihnut\u00fdmi kr\u00eddlami<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>U\u00a0Miriam to za\u010dalo s lienkami, ktor\u00e9 ako \u0161tvorro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u0161ete\u010dn\u00e9 decko zbierala po\u010das letn\u00fdch pr\u00e1zdnin v\u00a0matkinom rodisku v\u00a0Uhorsku. Vraj na otca naliehala, aby jej vysvetlil, pre\u010do m\u00e1 jedna lienka viac bodiek ako druh\u00e1. V\u00a0rodinnej mytol\u00f3gii sa tradovalo, \u017ee jedn\u00e9ho ve\u010dera si zobrala do postele krotk\u00fa prepelicu a\u00a0n\u00e1stojila, \u017ee s\u00a0\u0148ou bude spa\u0165. Sta\u0165 sa bank\u00e1rkou jej nehrozilo ani omylom, ke\u010f\u017ee pod\u013ea Mayera Amschela, zakladate\u013ea rodu, do obchodov Rothschildovcov sa mohli zapoji\u0165 iba mu\u017esk\u00ed rodinn\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci. Ako \u017eenu z jednej z\u00a0najbohat\u0161\u00edch rod\u00edn v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe ju \u010dakal pohodln\u00fd \u017eivot v z\u00e1ha\u013eke, ale bez vzdelania, ktor\u00e9 t\u00fa\u017eila z\u00edska\u0165 a bez pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00e1 by ju bavila a\u00a0nap\u013a\u0148ala. Bola ods\u00faden\u00e1 na \u017eivot poslu\u0161nej man\u017eelky, o\u00a0statuse ktorej sa jej praprastr\u00fdko James Rothschild raz vyjadril: \u201eMan\u017eelka&#8230; je v\u00a0podstate s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 bytov\u00e9ho zariadenia.\u201c Dom\u00e1ce vyu\u010dovanie diev\u010dat Rothschildov\u00fdch sa fl\u00e1kalo, zabezpe\u010dovali ho vychov\u00e1vate\u013eky, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi Miriam a\u00a0jej sestry preva\u017ene preludovali na klav\u00edri a\u00a0vy\u0161\u00edvali. Otec v\u0161ak dc\u00e9ry do \u0161koly neposlal aj z\u00a0presved\u010denia, \u017ee t\u00e1to in\u0161tit\u00facia v\u00a0de\u0165och potl\u00e1\u010da rozlet a\u00a0individualitu. Mal\u00e1 Miriam milovala let\u00e1 v\u00a0Ashton Wold &#8211; Charles zvy\u010dajne za rodinou prich\u00e1dzal z\u00a0Lond\u00fdna a\u017e v\u00a0piatok, deti na jeho n\u00e1vrat netrpezlivo \u010dakali a te\u0161ili sa, ako bud\u00fa spolu chyta\u0165 hmyz a\u00a0mot\u00fdle. Ke\u010f mal dobr\u00fa n\u00e1ladu,\u00a0d\u00e1val im slovn\u00e9 h\u00e1danky typu &#8211; \u010co je \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie: 1 kg peria, alebo 1 kg \u017eeleza? Miriam ho \u010dasto pozorovala pri pr\u00e1ci a\u00a0u\u010dila sa presnosti, trpezlivosti a\u00a0citlivosti k\u00a0\u017eivej pr\u00edrode.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00farodenci Rothschildovci nemali \u017eiadnych kamar\u00e1tov, iba svojich bratrancov a\u00a0sesternice, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa pr\u00edle\u017eitostne v\u00eddali. \u017dili ve\u013emi izolovane, aj ke\u010f v\u00a0okol\u00ed b\u00fdvali r\u00f4zne aristokratick\u00e9 rodiny, pre nich boli iba \u201et\u00ed zbohatl\u00edcki \u017didia, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa netreba bavi\u0165\u201c. Miriam: \u201eV skuto\u010dnosti to bol \u017eivot v\u00a0klietke bez \u0161tipky slobody&#8230; V\u0161etko bolo dokonal\u00e9, ale pre deti stra\u0161ne nudn\u00e9 a\u00a0opakuj\u00face sa st\u00e1le dokola.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Charlesa man\u017eelstvo a\u00a0deti pote\u0161ili len na\u010das. Postupom rokov sa s\u0165ahoval st\u00e1le viac a viac\u00a0do seba, cel\u00e9 hodiny nevydal zo seba ani hl\u00e1ska, sedel nehybne alebo civel do okna, v\u00a0lep\u0161om pr\u00edpade do mikroskopu. S\u00a0Rozsikou prestali chodi\u0165 do spolo\u010dnosti a ke\u010f mala Miriam osem rokov, otec odi\u0161iel na dlh\u00e9 dvojro\u010dn\u00e9 lie\u010denie do \u0160vaj\u010diarska, od ktor\u00e9ho si rodina ve\u013ea s\u013eubovala. Ke\u010f sa v\u0161ak pred Vianocami 1919 vr\u00e1til domov, na deti sa ledva pozrel, hoci ho s\u00a0nad\u0161en\u00edm v\u00edtali a\u00a0bez slova sa zavrel v\u00a0pracovni. Rozsika, ktor\u00e1 man\u017eela \u00faprimne milovala, bola z\u00fafala. \u010eal\u0161\u00edch p\u00e4\u0165 rokov \u017eil vo svojom pekle, po kr\u00e1tkych manick\u00fdch stavoch upadal do \u0165a\u017ekej depresie, nemohol spa\u0165, po nociach bl\u00fadil po dome. A\u017e sa v\u00a0jedno popoludnie neskor\u00e9ho leta 1923 zamkol v\u00a0k\u00fape\u013eni, vzal n\u00f4\u017e a\u00a0podrezal si hrdlo. Matka pred de\u0165mi tajila, \u017ee \u0161lo o samovra\u017edu, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa 15-ro\u010dn\u00e9mu Victorovi spolu\u017eiaci z Harrow neza\u010dali vysmieva\u0165, \u017ee mal otca bl\u00e1zna a\u00a0samovraha. Vtedy Miriam udrela na matku, ktor\u00e1 iba hlesla: \u201eChystal to u\u017e dlho.\u201c Viac o\u00a0otcovej samovra\u017ede nepadlo v\u00a0rodine ani slovo&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00a0bl\u0161kami pod poste\u013eou <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Otcova tragick\u00e1 smr\u0165 sp\u00f4sobila Miriam \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd \u0161ok. \u201eDva roky po jeho smrti som sa \u00faplne vzdala pr\u00edrodovedy. Myslela som si, \u017ee je krut\u00e9 a hrozn\u00e9 chyta\u0165 v\u0161etky tie n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 mot\u00fdle a str\u010di\u0165 cez ne \u0161pendl\u00edk. Potom brat nast\u00fapil na Harrow a jedny pr\u00e1zdniny pri\u0161iel domov a povedal mi: &#8218;M\u00e1m pr\u00e1zdninov\u00fa \u00falohu pitva\u0165 \u017eabu. Pom\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 mi?&#8216; T\u00fa ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fa \u017eabu sme usmrtili chloroformom. Vykonali sme pitvu a ja som bola tak\u00e1 nad\u0161en\u00e1 t\u00fdm, \u010do som na\u0161la, krvn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd sa dal bez probl\u00e9mov vidie\u0165&#8230; \u017ee som sa vr\u00e1tila k\u00a0zool\u00f3gii&#8230;\u201c Ako dvadsa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1 nav\u0161tevovala ve\u010dern\u00e9 kurzy zool\u00f3gie na polytechnickej \u0161kole v\u00a0Chelsea a\u00a0za\u010dala sa zauj\u00edma\u0165 o morsk\u00fa biol\u00f3giu. Na zdesenie rodiny odcestovala sama do Neapola, kde na morskej biologickej stanici \u0161tudovala parazity m\u00e4kk\u00fd\u0161ov, nesk\u00f4r sa presunula do Plymouthu a tam pokra\u010dovala vo v\u00fdskume parazitov a ich hostite\u013eov. V\u00a0tom \u010dase sa u\u017e vzdala svojej najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej l\u00e1sky, mot\u00fd\u013eov, lebo&#8230; Kto by pretromfol jej str\u00fdka Waltera Rothschilda? \u201ePoh\u013ead na dva a \u0161tvr\u0165 mili\u00f3na mot\u00fd\u013eov v\u00a0jeho zbierke ma priviedol k presved\u010deniu, \u017ee sa o nich u\u017e niet \u010do u\u010di\u0165.\u201c Presedlala teda na blchy, otcovu v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 a\u00a0pustila sa do kategorizovania jeho zbierky. T\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca si vy\u017eadovala tis\u00edce hod\u00edn absol\u00fatnej s\u00fastredenosti za mikroskopom a napokon trvala tridsa\u0165 rokov. V\u00fdsledkom bol sedemzv\u00e4zkov\u00fd Ilustrovan\u00fd katal\u00f3g Rothschildovej zbierky b\u013ach. Pri \u0161t\u00fadiu ich miniat\u00farnych pohlavn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov Miriam poznamenala, \u017ee prv\u00fd raz uverila v\u00a0boha, ke\u010f objavila, \u017ee aj blcha m\u00e1 penis. Brat Victor jej daroval Ashton Wold, \u010das\u0165 rodinn\u00e9ho s\u00eddla prebudovala na plne funk\u010dn\u00e9 laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1. Milovan\u00e9 bl\u0161ky prechov\u00e1vala v\u00a0plastov\u00fdch vreck\u00e1ch pri svojej posteli, takto ich vraj chr\u00e1nila pred de\u0165mi, aby im neubl\u00ed\u017eili&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Simonetta Zalov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>foto Profimedia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok si pre\u010d\u00edtate v marcovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2023)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Rothchildovci &#8211; dynastia \u00fadajn\u00fdch svetovl\u00e1dcov. Dodnes s\u00fa predmetom t\u00fdch najfantazmagorickej\u0161\u00edch kon\u0161pir\u00e1ci\u00ed a\u00a0ich meno priam kri\u010d\u00ed bohatstvom, ktor\u00e9 sa \u00fadajne r\u00e1ta v\u00a0stovk\u00e1ch mili\u00e1rd. Miriam Rothschild, praprapravnu\u010dka zakladate\u013ea rodu, je jednou z\u00a0nich. Dedi\u010dka imp\u00e9ria? Ani n\u00e1hodou! Nikto si ju takto neodva\u017eoval titulova\u0165. D\u00e1mu Miriam Rothschild toti\u017e v\u0161etky svetov\u00e9 encyklop\u00e9die uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ako jednu z popredn\u00fdch britsk\u00fdch pr\u00edrodovedk\u00fd\u0148, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marec-2023","category-portret"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11039"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11045,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11039\/revisions\/11045"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}