{"id":11492,"date":"2023-07-14T15:02:47","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T13:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=11492"},"modified":"2023-07-14T15:02:47","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T13:02:47","slug":"vlna-je-aj-letny-material-neverite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/vlna-je-aj-letny-material-neverite\/","title":{"rendered":"Vlna je aj letn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Never\u00edte?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Vlnu v\u00a0lete? To nikdy! Vlna predsa predstavuje tepl\u00e9 n\u00f3rske svetre, babi\u010dkine pono\u017eky, detsk\u00e9 \u010diapky a hrejiv\u00e9 ov\u010die r\u00fano. Len\u017ee v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti je vlna univerz\u00e1lny materi\u00e1l \u2013 v\u00a0zime hreje a v\u00a0lete chlad\u00ed. Sprev\u00e1dza \u010dloveka tis\u00edcky rokov, kv\u00f4li nej sa st\u00ednali hlavy, vytv\u00e1rali nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a kolabovali burzy. So v\u0161etkou zodpovednos\u0165ou m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee je to materi\u00e1l letn\u00fd aj zimn\u00fd! Never\u00edte?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co napr\u00edklad \u013eahk\u00fd vlnen\u00fd vo\u00e1l? Je to mrie\u017ekovan\u00e1 tkanina s hladkou v\u00e4zbou, podobn\u00e1 z\u00e1voju, z ktorej sa \u0161ij\u00fa letn\u00e9 \u0161aty, \u0161atky a topy. Alebo vlnen\u00fd \u017eor\u017eet \u2013 tie\u017e sa pou\u017e\u00edva na vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 letn\u00e9 \u0161aty, ale na rozdiel od vo\u00e1lu je ostrej\u0161\u00ed na dotyk (n\u00e1zov poch\u00e1dza od mena franc\u00fazskej dizajn\u00e9rky\u00a0Georgette de la Plante). \u013dahk\u00e9 vlnen\u00e9 s\u00fakno je ur\u010den\u00e9 na letn\u00e9 vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 kost\u00fdm\u010deky. A mo\u017eno ho n\u00e1jdete v skrini po babi\u010dke alebo na dedkovom \u201esviato\u010dnom\u201c obleku. Vlna je toti\u017e celoro\u010dn\u00e1, priadza z\u00a0nej sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako na ve\u013emi tepl\u00e9, tak na \u013eahk\u00e9, priedu\u0161n\u00e9, vode odoln\u00e9 komfortn\u00e9 tkaniny. \u201eJej \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e1 hodnota z\u00e1vis\u00ed na hr\u00fabke a gram\u00e1\u017ei vl\u00e1kien a na type jej v\u00e4zby pri tkan\u00ed<\/em>,\u201c objas\u0148uje Martin Bern\u00e1tek z Ove\u010dk\u00e1rne<\/a>. Svoje o tom vedia aj \u0161portovci a akt\u00edvni \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed si ob\u013e\u00fabili atrakt\u00edvnu merino vlnu. T\u00e1 sa dnes stala neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161atn\u00edka outdoorov\u00fdch nad\u0161encov. \u201eVlna v\u00a0teple chlad\u00ed, vo vlhku odv\u00e1dza pot a v noci hreje, dokonca aj ke\u010f je vlhk\u00e1. M\u00e1 antibakteri\u00e1lne a samo\u010distiace vlastnosti a trv\u00e1 nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed, ne\u017e ju prepot\u00edte, pri\u010dom pohlt\u00ed aj nepr\u00edjemn\u00fd z\u00e1pach!\u00a0Vlna je prosto u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00a0zime aj v\u00a0lete. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom <\/em>minulosti i\u00a0bud\u00facnosti<\/em>.\u201c<\/p>\n

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\u010co v\u0161etko je vyroben\u00e9 z\u00a0ov\u010dej vlny zist\u00edte na oveckaren.sk<\/a><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>

Vlnen\u00e9 tenisky Vlnka s\u00fa v lete ve\u013emi pohodln\u00e9 aj na nosenie naboso.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Jedna ovca na osem \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te \u017eije v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe asi miliarda oviec. Preva\u017en\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 je ur\u010den\u00e1 na m\u00e4so a mlieko. My sa ale zameriame na tie chlpat\u00e9 klbk\u00e1, ktor\u00fdm nar\u00e1stla kr\u00e1sna hu\u0148at\u00e1 srs\u0165 \u2013 teda 3, 5, 10 a niekedy aj 18 kg vlny, ktor\u00fa je potrebn\u00e9 raz aj viackr\u00e1t ro\u010dne zostriha\u0165. Medzi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobcov vlny patr\u00ed Austr\u00e1lia, \u010c\u00edna a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land s\u00a0celkovou ro\u010dnou produkciou asi 2 mili\u00f3ny ton. A 60 % z tohto mno\u017estva sa pou\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu odevov. Zvy\u0161ok napr\u00edklad ako tepeln\u00fd izol\u00e1tor pri stavb\u00e1ch domov.<\/p>\n

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Ove\u010dky do Anglicka priviezli Rimania <\/strong><\/p>\n

Do \u010doho sa obliekali na\u0161i predkovia? Najsk\u00f4r do ko\u017e\u00ed a ko\u017eu\u0161\u00edn zvierat, ktor\u00e9 si ulovili a potom sa raz \u010dlovek chopil ihly a nite a za\u010dal kusy materi\u00e1lov zo\u0161\u00edva\u0165.\u00a0Prv\u00e1 tkan\u00e1 vlnen\u00e1 l\u00e1tka zahriala \u013eud\u00ed cca pred 6.000 rokmi, a to na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Ir\u00e1nu. Na v\u0161eobecnom roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed hrejivej text\u00edlie mali ve\u013ek\u00fa z\u00e1sluhu hlavne nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ovce. M\u00f4\u017eu sa toti\u017e p\u00e1s\u0165 kdeko\u013evek, vr\u00e1tane zna\u010dn\u00fdch nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ok. Ich odolnos\u0165 si v\u0161imli star\u00ed Rimania a pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka nim sa vlna roz\u0161\u00edrila po celom antickom svete. Chovy zakladali Rimania vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch dobyt\u00fdch provinci\u00e1ch \u2013 od severnej Afriky cez \u0160panielsko a\u017e po Britsk\u00e9 ostrovy.\u00a0A vlna tvorila i z\u00e1klad \u0161atn\u00edka r\u00edmskych obyvate\u013eov. Klasick\u00fdm odevom bola tunika, podobn\u00e1 dlhej ko\u0161eli bez ruk\u00e1vov s\u00a0d\u013a\u017ekou ku kolen\u00e1m. Bohat\u00ed a slobodn\u00ed mu\u017ei cez \u0148u nosili t\u00f3gu – vlnen\u00fa l\u00e1tku, ktor\u00fa zlo\u017eili do z\u00e1hybov a ovinuli okolo tela.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za ove\u010dku trest smrti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zlat\u00fd vek za\u017e\u00edvala vlna v stredoveku. Na jej produkciu sa \u0161pecializovalo mno\u017estvo eur\u00f3pskych miest a na obchode s vlnou zbohatli niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 rody z Janova, Ben\u00e1tok i Florencie, vr\u00e1tane Mediciovcov.\u00a0O v\u00fdzname vlny v \u0160panielsku sved\u010d\u00ed fakt, \u017ee sa\u00a0v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed mohli jah\u0148at\u00e1 plemena Merino vyv\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 iba s kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdm s\u00fahlasom. A poru\u0161enie sa trestalo smr\u0165ou. Pr\u00e1ve v\u00fdnosy obchodu s vlnou pomohli financova\u0165 sl\u00e1vne v\u00fdpravy Kri\u0161tofa Kolumba. On a dobyvate\u013e Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s sa zasa zasl\u00fa\u017eili o to, \u017ee ovce na\u0161li nov\u00fd domov aj za oce\u00e1nom v \u201eNovom svete\u201c.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>

Ovce Merino boli kedysi mimoriadne vz\u00e1cne. Zdroj: pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n

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Predsedn\u00edctvo na kresle z vlny\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm v\u00fdvozcom surovej vlny sa ale stalo Anglicko, ktor\u00e9 t\u00fato poz\u00edciu dosiahlo premyslenou politikou.\u00a0V roku 1377 zak\u00e1zal kr\u00e1\u013e Eduard III. dovoz vlnen\u00fdch produktov na svoje ostrovy, a naopak do Brit\u00e1nie povolal vynikaj\u00facich fl\u00e1mskych tk\u00e1\u010dov, ktor\u00ed mali miestnym preda\u0165 svoje umenie. U\u017e okolo roku 1660 tak v\u00fdvoz vlnen\u00fdch text\u00edli\u00ed predstavoval dve tretiny anglick\u00e9ho zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu.\u00a0Ve\u010f s\u00e1m predseda Snemovne lordov si dodnes sad\u00e1 na \u201eWoolsack\u201c \u2013 na kreslo vypchan\u00e9 vlnou, symbolizuj\u00face v\u00fdznam obchodu s t\u00fdmto materi\u00e1lom.<\/p>\n

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Na\u0161e ove\u010dky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci by v\u00e1m potvrdili, \u017ee vlna ove\u010diek z\u00a0na\u0161ich zemepisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrok m\u00e1 in\u00e9 vlastnosti ne\u017e napr\u00edklad vlna z oviec stredomorsk\u00fdch. Ovce sa u n\u00e1s chovaj\u00fa od najstar\u0161\u00edch \u010dias a v\u00fdroba vlnen\u00e9ho s\u00fakna a priadze m\u00e1 aj u n\u00e1s dlhoro\u010dn\u00fa \u00a0trad\u00edciu. V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch sa st\u00e1le udr\u017euje vln\u00e1rska trad\u00edcia a v\u00fdroba kvalitn\u00fdch vlnen\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Spracovanie\u00a0v minulosti <\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba priadz\u00ed, pl\u00e1tna a s\u00fakien d\u00e1vala kedysi pr\u00e1cu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu po\u010dtu obyvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed sprac\u00favali vlnen\u00fa surovinu, strihali ju, rozvo\u013e\u0148ovali a \u010desali. Pradiari\u00a0a\u00a0priadky priadli priadzu a tk\u00e1\u010di\u00a0z\u00a0nej tkali na stavoch vlnen\u00e9 s\u00fakna. \u00c1no, ove\u010dky sa p\u00e1sli na kopcoch, tak najviac tk\u00e1\u010dov \u017eilo v\u00a0podhor\u00ed. Valch\u00e1ri potom\u00a0s\u00fakno valchovali –\u00a0s\u00fakno m\u00e1\u010dali v hor\u00facej vode s pr\u00eddavkom dobyt\u010dieho mo\u010du (v minulosti jedin\u00e9ho dostupn\u00e9ho odmas\u0165ovacieho prostriedku) a s\u00fa\u010dasne ho mechanicky t\u013akli, aby bol jeho povrch hust\u00fd a\u017e plstnat\u00fd. Potom farbiari l\u00e1tku zafarbili, hlavne bylinami: do \u017elta vz\u00e1cnym \u0161afranom, \u010du\u010doriedkami namodro, cibu\u013eou nahnedo, svetlicou oran\u017eovo a s\u00a0pomocou hr\u010diarok fialovo-\u010dierno.\u00a0 Nakoniec mang\u013eova\u010di l\u00e1tku \u0161krobili a mang\u013eovali tak, aby bola kr\u00e1sne hladk\u00e1 a leskl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>

Ov\u010dia vlna v papl\u00f3noch v lete chlad\u00ed a v zime hreje. Aj Ove\u010dk\u00e1re\u0148 \u0148ou vypch\u00e1va svoje v\u00fdrobky.<\/p><\/div>\n

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MERINO je kvalita<\/strong><\/p>\n

Viete, \u010do slovo \u201eMerino\u201c znamen\u00e1? Je to \u0161peci\u00e1lne plemeno ovce dom\u00e1cej, cenen\u00e9 pre mimoriadne jemn\u00fa vlnu. N\u00e1zov Merino m\u00e1 dva pramene a ktor\u00fd je ten spr\u00e1vny, presne nevieme. N\u00e1zov m\u00f4\u017ee poch\u00e1dza\u0165 zo \u0161panielskeho spojenia ovejas merinos, teda\u00a0\u201eputuj\u00face ovce\u201c, ke\u010f pastieri museli so st\u00e1dom putova\u0165 po cel\u00fd rok z\u00a0pastviny na pastvinu. Alebo s\u00favis\u00ed s menom\u00a0dynastie\u00a0marock\u00fdch<\/a>\u00a0sult\u00e1nov\u00a0Mar\u00ednovcov, odkia\u013e sa chov t\u00fdchto oviec dostal do Eur\u00f3py, najsk\u00f4r do \u0160panielska. Tam sa stal \u0161t\u00e1tnym monopolom a ich v\u00fdvoz bol do roku 1800 pr\u00edsne zak\u00e1zan\u00fd. Napriek tomu sa v\u00a018. storo\u010d\u00ed podarilo nieko\u013eko ove\u010diek prepa\u0161ova\u0165 do Franc\u00fazska, odkia\u013e sa potom roz\u0161\u00edrili aj\u00a0do Pruska, Rak\u00faska a Brit\u00e1nie. V\u00a0na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch sa za\u010dalo plemeno Merino chova\u0165\u00a0v\u00a070. rokoch 18. storo\u010dia za vl\u00e1dy\u00a0M\u00e1rie Ter\u00e9zie<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jemn\u00e9 Merino m\u00e1 pre n\u00e1s tie najlep\u0161ie vlastnosti a jeho ob\u013euba strmo st\u00fapa. Nedivme sa, ve\u010f denne sa presvied\u010dame, \u017ee pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom<\/a> sa len tak hoci\u010do nevyrovn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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foto Oveckaren.sk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Vlnu v\u00a0lete? To nikdy! Vlna predsa predstavuje tepl\u00e9 n\u00f3rske svetre, babi\u010dkine pono\u017eky, detsk\u00e9 \u010diapky a hrejiv\u00e9 ov\u010die r\u00fano. Len\u017ee v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti je vlna univerz\u00e1lny materi\u00e1l \u2013 v\u00a0zime hreje a v\u00a0lete chlad\u00ed. Sprev\u00e1dza \u010dloveka tis\u00edcky rokov, kv\u00f4li nej sa st\u00ednali hlavy, vytv\u00e1rali nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a kolabovali burzy. So v\u0161etkou zodpovednos\u0165ou m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee je to materi\u00e1l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11493,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leto-2023","category-veci"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11492"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11498,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11492\/revisions\/11498"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}