{"id":1219,"date":"2015-05-24T12:08:49","date_gmt":"2015-05-24T10:08:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=1219"},"modified":"2015-05-24T12:08:49","modified_gmt":"2015-05-24T10:08:49","slug":"betlehem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/betlehem\/","title":{"rendered":"Betlehem"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Dom chleba<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e1zov Betlehem je odvoden\u00fd od hebrejsk\u00fdch slov Beit Lechem, \u010do znamen\u00e1 Dom chleba, lebo pr\u00e1ve do\u00a0miestnych mlynov a\u00a0pek\u00e1rn\u00ed prich\u00e1dzali \u013eudia smeruj\u00faci do p\u00fa\u0161te, aby si doplnili z\u00e1soby chleba na cestu. Toto v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ru\u0161n\u00e9 mesto pln\u00e9 turistov m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam nielen pre kres\u0165anov, ale aj pre \u017didov – okrem Je\u017ei\u0161a sa tu narodil aj D\u00e1vid, najmilovanej\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1\u013e Izraela, otec \u0160alam\u00fana a\u00a0tie\u017e ten, kto dobyl Jeruzalem a\u00a0ustanovil ho hlavn\u00fdm mestom krajiny. Dnes Betlehem vyzer\u00e1 ako typick\u00e1 arabsk\u00e1 konglomer\u00e1cia, ktor\u00fa charakterizuj\u00fa hranat\u00e9 domy, zakon\u010den\u00e9 zvy\u010dajne rozostavan\u00fdm horn\u00fdm poschod\u00edm, z\u00a0ktor\u00e9ho do neba vyt\u0155\u010daj\u00fa oce\u013eov\u00e9 roxory. S\u00a0takto nedokon\u010denou stavbou sa v\u00a0rodine \u010dak\u00e1, k\u00fdm si mlad\u00fd moslimsk\u00fd mu\u017e nen\u00e1jde nevestu, lebo \u017eeni\u0165 sa m\u00f4\u017ee, a\u017e ke\u010f m\u00e1 byt. A\u00a0tak \u010dasto aj dlh\u00e9 roky zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa tieto obydlia nedostavan\u00e9, kv\u00f4li \u010domu moslimsk\u00e9 osady, \u010di u\u017e v\u00a0Betleheme alebo inde v\u00a0arabskom svete, p\u00f4sobia ako nevzh\u013eadn\u00e9 gigantick\u00e9 stavenisk\u00e1…<\/p>\n

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\"Mideast<\/a><\/p>\n

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M\u00far hanby<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aj takto mnoh\u00ed naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa stovky kilometrov dlh\u00fa bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa bari\u00e9ru v\u00a0podobe osemmetrov\u00e9ho bet\u00f3nov\u00e9ho m\u00faru (na niektor\u00fdch miestach preru\u0161ovan\u00fa \u201eiba\u201c ostnat\u00fdmi dr\u00f4tmi), ktor\u00fa izraelsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t za\u010dal stava\u0165 okolo Z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho brehu v\u00a0roku 2002. Aj\u00a0napriek faktu, \u017ee ho OSN pova\u017euje za neleg\u00e1lny, Izrael sa obhajuje tvrden\u00edm, \u017ee tak chr\u00e1ni svojich obyvate\u013eov pred vra\u017eedn\u00fdmi \u00fatokmi palest\u00ednskych extr\u00e9mistov. Na druhej strane v\u0161ak tieto opatrenia spravili z\u00a0Betlehemu v\u00e4zenie, odkia\u013e sa jeho obyvatelia m\u00f4\u017eu dosta\u0165 len na z\u00e1klade osobitnej priepustky. Pre cudzincov to nepredstavuje v\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kontrola sa zvy\u010dajne obmedzuje iba na preuk\u00e1zanie pasov, ak v\u00f4bec. Hor\u0161ie s\u00fa na tom Palest\u00edn\u010dania pracuj\u00faci mimo mesta, ktor\u00ed de\u0148 \u010do de\u0148 u\u017e od \u00fasvitu stoja v\u00a0koridoroch pred hrani\u010dn\u00fdmi prechodmi, k\u00fdm ich izraelsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017ee o\u00a0siedmej r\u00e1no neotvoria. Samozrejme, tieto re\u0161trikcie nijako nepodporuj\u00fa zamestnanos\u0165 a\u00a0ekonomick\u00fd rast Z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho brehu Jord\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

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\"Mideast<\/a><\/p>\n

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Mesto paradoxov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mesto Betlehem le\u017e\u00ed na Z\u00e1padnom brehu Jord\u00e1nu, iba 8 km od Jeruzalema. Na z\u00e1klade izraelsko-palest\u00ednskych mierov\u00fdch doh\u00f4d sa od roku 1995 stal s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Palest\u00edny. Ke\u010f\u017ee t\u00e1 v\u0161ak ako medzin\u00e1rodne uznan\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t neexistuje (v tejto s\u00favislosti treba hovori\u0165 o\u00a0Palest\u00ednskych auton\u00f3mnych \u00fazemiach), Betlehem vlastne nepatr\u00ed do \u017eiadneho ofici\u00e1lneho \u0161t\u00e1tneho \u00fatvaru. V\u00a0minulosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu jeho obyvate\u013eov tvorili arabsk\u00ed kres\u0165ania (mesto je zn\u00e1me ako s\u00eddlo jednej z\u00a0najstar\u0161\u00edch kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch komun\u00edt na svete), dnes ale spomedzi necel\u00fdch 30-000 obyvate\u013eov drviv\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu zastupuj\u00fa Arabi vyzn\u00e1vaj\u00faci islam, ktor\u00ed sa na Z\u00e1padn\u00fd breh Jord\u00e1nu uch\u00fdlili z\u00a0oblast\u00ed obsaden\u00fdch Izraelom. Tis\u00edce p\u00fatnikov z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho sveta s\u00fa ubytovan\u00ed v\u00a0po\u010detn\u00fdch hoteloch mesta, pri\u010dom denne musia prech\u00e1dza\u0165 str\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi hrani\u010dn\u00fdmi prechodmi a\u00a0m\u00farom, odde\u013euj\u00facim izraelsk\u00e9 a\u00a0palest\u00ednske terit\u00f3rium. Je paradoxom tejto doby, \u017ee Betlehem ako jedno z najsv\u00e4tej\u0161\u00edch miest kres\u0165anstva, le\u017e\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed ob\u00fdvanom preva\u017ene moslimami.<\/p>\n

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\"Mideast<\/a><\/p>\n

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Narodil sa Kristus P\u00e1n <\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoci M\u00e1ria sa o\u00a0svojom nepo\u0161kvrnenom po\u010dat\u00ed dozvedela v\u00a0Nazarete, syna Bo\u017eieho porodila v\u00a0Betleheme. Jozef bol toti\u017e rod\u00e1k pr\u00e1ve odtia\u013e a\u00a0do mesta aj so svojou tehotnou \u017eenou odcestoval kv\u00f4li s\u010d\u00edtaniu \u013eudu. V\u00a0biblick\u00fdch \u010dasoch to bola sk\u00f4r osada ako mesto, s\u00a0nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi skromn\u00fdmi ubytov\u0148ami a\u00a0tie, ke\u010f tam dvojica po t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ovom putovan\u00ed na osl\u00edkovi dorazila, praskali vo \u0161v\u00edkoch. Jozef s\u00a0M\u00e1riou sa teda uch\u00fdlili do podzemn\u00fdch stajn\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 im l\u00e1skavo pon\u00fakol ist\u00fd hostinsk\u00fd po tom, \u010do si v\u0161imol, \u017ee mlad\u00e1 \u017eena je samodruh\u00e1. Dnes sa tomuto miestu hovor\u00ed Grotto (jasky\u0148a) a\u00a0od roku 326 sa tu t\u00fd\u010di kostol, ktor\u00fd dala postavi\u0165 Sv\u00e4t\u00e1 Helena, matka cis\u00e1ra Kon\u0161tant\u00edna (za jeho vl\u00e1dy R\u00edm ofici\u00e1lne prijal kres\u0165anstvo). Bazilika Narodenia P\u00e1na bola v\u00f4bec prv\u00fdm kres\u0165ansk\u00fdm sv\u00e4tost\u00e1nkom na palest\u00ednskom \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0dnes sa pova\u017euje za najdlh\u0161ie (a bez preru\u0161enia) funguj\u00faci kres\u0165ansk\u00fd kostol na svete, hoci bol viackr\u00e1t prestavovan\u00fd. Pod olt\u00e1rom narodenia, kam sa n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci dostan\u00fa po dlhom \u010dakan\u00ed v\u00a0rade (pri\u010dom zriadenci kostola na prehliadku dopraj\u00fa iba 1 – 2 min\u00faty), je na mramorovej doske 14-c\u00edpov\u00e1 strieborn\u00e1 hviezda s\u00a0n\u00e1pisom: \u201eTu sa z\u00a0M\u00e1rie Panny narodil Je\u017ei\u0161 Kristus.\u201c \u00a0V\u00a0roku 2002 sa v\u00a0kostole zabarik\u00e1dovalo nieko\u013eko desiatok palest\u00ednskych militantov. Obliehanie trvalo takmer 40 dn\u00ed, pri\u010dom Izrael\u010dania pri oslobodzovan\u00ed sv\u00e4tyne dev\u00e4\u0165 Palest\u00edn\u010danov zabili. Aj tak\u00fdto osud stihol miesto, kde sa \u00fadajne narodil Kristus, aby trpel a zomrel za hriechy \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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\"Mideast<\/a><\/p>\n

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Zo Z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho brehu Jord\u00e1nu<\/p>\n

Simonetta Zalov\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Dom chleba N\u00e1zov Betlehem je odvoden\u00fd od hebrejsk\u00fdch slov Beit Lechem, \u010do znamen\u00e1 Dom chleba, lebo pr\u00e1ve do\u00a0miestnych mlynov a\u00a0pek\u00e1rn\u00ed prich\u00e1dzali \u013eudia smeruj\u00faci do p\u00fa\u0161te, aby si doplnili z\u00e1soby chleba na cestu. Toto v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ru\u0161n\u00e9 mesto pln\u00e9 turistov m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam nielen pre kres\u0165anov, ale aj pre \u017didov – okrem Je\u017ei\u0161a sa tu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maj-2015","category-metropoly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1219"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1225,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1219\/revisions\/1225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}