![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/s110_a-300x225.jpg\")
<\/a>Pot\u00e1panie ste \u010doskoro doplnili aj o\u00a0fotografovanie. Ak\u00e9 extra \u010daro aj n\u00e1strahy prin\u00e1\u0161a?<\/strong><\/p>\nAko \u013eudsk\u00e9 bytosti neusp\u00f4soben\u00e9 na \u017eivot pod vodou mus\u00edme si so sebou pod hladinu bra\u0165 ve\u013ea dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdstroja – f\u013ea\u0161u a\u00a0automatiku na d\u00fdchanie, masku, aby sme videli, vyva\u017eovaciu vestu na udr\u017eiavanie vztlaku, neopr\u00e9n, aby n\u00e1m nebolo zima, plutvy na pl\u00e1vanie a podobne. Pokia\u013e sa rozhodnete pod vodou aj foti\u0165, potrebujete to \u010fal\u0161\u00ed kus v\u00fdstroja, o\u00a0ktor\u00fd sa mus\u00edte stara\u0165. Fotoapar\u00e1t aj s\u00a0objekt\u00edvom mus\u00ed by\u0165 v podvodnom puzdre a\u00a0ke\u010f\u017ee vo vode sa l\u00e1me svetlo inak a\u00a0je ho tam nedostatok, potrebujete \u0161peci\u00e1lne podvodn\u00e9 svetl\u00e1 alebo blesky. N\u00e1sledne treba tr\u00e9nova\u0165 zru\u010dnos\u0165, zabudnite na automatick\u00e9 \u010di poloautomatick\u00e9 re\u017eimy. Podvodn\u00fd fotograf mus\u00ed by\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 dobr\u00fd pot\u00e1pa\u010d. Potrebuje absol\u00fatne ovl\u00e1da\u0165 svoj pohyb, vedie\u0165 zosta\u0165 st\u00e1\u0165 pod vodou, ke\u010f\u017ee pri pot\u00e1pan\u00ed sa pohybujete nielen vpred, vzad a\u00a0do str\u00e1n, ale aj hore a\u00a0dole, pri\u010dom v\u00e1\u0161 pohyb ovplyv\u0148uje\u00a0aj samotn\u00e9 d\u00fdchanie. Pri foten\u00ed treba bra\u0165 do \u00favahy i jedno zo z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch pravidiel pot\u00e1pania, \u017ee sa nikdy nepot\u00e1pa\u0161 s\u00e1m. Preto najtrpezlivej\u0161\u00ed par\u0165\u00e1ci s\u00fa buddy pot\u00e1pa\u010di – fotografi. Fotograf sa toti\u017e pod vodou dok\u00e1\u017ee vyhra\u0165 na dvoch metroch \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch \u00fatesu aj hodinu a\u00a0buddy pri \u0148om okolo pl\u00e1va a\u00a0str\u00e1\u017ei ho. Ke\u010f\u017ee pod vodou nedok\u00e1\u017eeme rozpr\u00e1va\u0165, priprav\u00edme si pred ponorom \u010do najpodrobnej\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1n, alebo naopak, improvizujeme a\u00a0komunikujeme pomocou dohodnut\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov. Dokonca si vieme pod vodou p\u00edsa\u0165 spr\u00e1vy na \u0161peci\u00e1lny papier alebo tabu\u013eku.<\/p>\n
Rada sa kv\u00f4li fotk\u00e1m pot\u00e1pam v\u00a0na\u0161ich eur\u00f3pskych vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch a zachyt\u00e1vam ich n\u00e1dhern\u00fa atmosf\u00e9ru – zanoren\u00e9 stromy, \u00fahory \u010di sumce… K\u00a0\u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkom patr\u00ed, ke\u010f mi s\u00a0pot\u00e1pa\u010dmi p\u00f3zuje vy\u0161e dvojmetrov\u00fd sumec. In\u00e1 fotografick\u00e1 v\u00fdzva je fotenie v\u00a0jaskyniach. Mus\u00edte si donies\u0165 svetl\u00e1 a\u00a0blesky a vedie\u0165 ich nastavi\u0165 a rozmiestni\u0165, aby vynikol priestor a\u00a0h\u013abka jaskyne. Takto sa rada hr\u00e1m vo franc\u00fazskych alebo mexick\u00fdch jaskyniach. V\u0161ade v\u0161ak potrebujete sk\u00fasen\u00e9ho buddyho alebo t\u00edm.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nAko ste sa dostali k\u00a0archeol\u00f3gii pod vodou?<\/strong><\/p>\nSpoznali sme slovensk\u00e9 pot\u00e1pa\u010dky – archeologi\u010dky, Miroslavu Da\u0148ov\u00fa z\u00a0katedry Klasickej archeol\u00f3gie Trnavskej univerzity a Klaudiu Da\u0148ov\u00fa zo Slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied v\u00a0Nitre. V\u010faka nim som sa dostala na kurz\u00a0fotogrametrie pod vodou (tvorba 3D modelov objektov \u010di cel\u00fdch lokal\u00edt pomocou nasn\u00edman\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed alebo videa), ktor\u00fd organizovala Zadarsk\u00e1 univerzita. Taktie\u017e sme absolvovali letn\u00fa \u0161kolu archeol\u00f3gie na vraku zo 16. storo\u010dia v\u00a0Chorv\u00e1tsku, kde sme z\u00edskali ve\u013emi ve\u013ea sk\u00fasenost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
U\u00a0n\u00e1s je to ve\u013emi mlad\u00e1 discipl\u00edna a\u00a0v\u00a0na\u0161ich podmienkach aj ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00a0riekach je v\u00fdskum neporovnate\u013en\u00fd s\u00a0podmienkami v\u00a0mori. Ako discipl\u00edna na Slovensku sa u\u017e rozbieha a spolupracujeme aj na pot\u00e1pa\u010dskej pr\u00edprave bud\u00facich slovensk\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch vedcov, hlavne archeol\u00f3gov.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nPred \u010dasom ste sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili podvodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu Dunaja pri vojenskom r\u00edmskom t\u00e1bore v\u00a0I\u017ei. \u010co ste objavili? <\/strong><\/p>\nR\u00edmsky vojensk\u00fd t\u00e1bor Celemantia je od roku 2021 zap\u00edsan\u00fd na zozname svetov\u00e9ho kult\u00farneho dedi\u010dstva UNESCO. V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdskumu sa p\u00f4vodne uva\u017eovalo o\u00a0pr\u00edstave, ke\u010f\u017ee vojsko v\u00a0t\u00e1bore museli nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom z\u00e1sobova\u0165. V\u010faka podrobnej dokument\u00e1cii a \u0161ir\u0161iemu z\u00e1beru \u00fazemia archeol\u00f3govia identifikovali \u0161trukt\u00fary oproti ju\u017enej br\u00e1ne do r\u00edmskeho kastela a\u00a0naprie\u010d cel\u00fdm tokom. Tie pripom\u00ednali piliere r\u00edmskych mostov, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa zn\u00e1me z in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed Dunaja alebo R\u00fdna. Mapa z\u00a0t\u00fdchto meran\u00ed bola podkladom pre ponory, pri ktor\u00fdch boli odobrat\u00e9 vzorky na \u010fal\u0161iu anal\u00fdzu. Tie nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee most poch\u00e1dza zo 4. storo\u010dia n. l. a \u010doskoro sa bude vo v\u00fdskume pokra\u010dova\u0165.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nAko prebieha v\u00fdskum v\u00a0Dunaji, ve\u013erieke so siln\u00fdm pr\u00fadom a\u00a0navy\u0161e dopravnej tepne?<\/strong><\/p>\nV\u00fdskum v Dunaji zah\u0155\u0148a v\u0161etky negat\u00edvne \u0161pecifik\u00e1 rie\u010dneho v\u00fdskumu, ak\u00e9 si dok\u00e1\u017eete predstavi\u0165: hrani\u010dn\u00e1 rieka medzi dvoma \u0161t\u00e1tmi, dopravn\u00e1 tepna, siln\u00fd pr\u00fad, zl\u00e1 vidite\u013enos\u0165. V\u00a0na\u0161ich vod\u00e1ch je najlep\u0161ia vidite\u013enos\u0165 v\u00a0zime, ke\u010f sa voda ochlad\u00ed a\u00a0je menej zr\u00e1\u017eok. Ale nepredstavujte si to ako v\u00a0mori. V\u00a0Dunaji sme v\u010fa\u010dn\u00ed aj za jeden meter vidite\u013enosti, hlavne nech je \u010do najslab\u0161\u00ed pr\u00fad. Aj tak sa v\u017edy mus\u00edme pot\u00e1pa\u0165 priviazan\u00ed na lane, ktor\u00e9 je upevnen\u00e9 a kontrolovan\u00e9 nad vodou. Pri takomto type v\u00fdskumu sa mus\u00ed bra\u0165 do \u00favahy aj aktu\u00e1lny stav vody a\u00a0prietok. Je potrebn\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 povolenia a\u00a0informova\u0165 \u00farady. K\u00a0tomu treba aj pomerne ve\u013ek\u00fd t\u00edm schopn\u00fd reagova\u0165 na zmeny podmienok ve\u013emi operat\u00edvne.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nKtor\u00e9 z\u00a0n\u00e1jden\u00fdch artefaktov pova\u017eujete za najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed poklad? <\/strong><\/p>\n\u013dudia si ve\u013eakr\u00e1t myslia, \u017ee najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie a naj\u00fa\u017easnej\u0161ie je n\u00e1js\u0165 zlato alebo poklad. Skuto\u010dn\u00fdm pokladom v\u0161ak b\u00fdvaj\u00fa veci dennej potreby, ktor\u00e9 vypovedaj\u00fa o\u00a0niekdaj\u0161om sp\u00f4sobe \u017eivota. Skvel\u00e9 bolo, ke\u010f sa v\u00a0r\u00edmskom pr\u00edstave v\u00a0Slovinsku na\u0161la mal\u00e1 olejov\u00e1 lampa z\u00a03. storo\u010dia dovezen\u00e1 z\u00a0Afriky. V jej vn\u00fatri zostali vidite\u013en\u00e9 stopy po prstoch \u010dloveka, \u010do ju vyrobil. \u00da\u017easn\u00e9 bolo, ke\u010f Tom\u00e1\u0161 na\u0161iel v chorv\u00e1tskom vraku zo 16. storo\u010dia \u010das\u0165 tr\u00fabky, na ktorej bol \u010ditate\u013en\u00fd n\u00e1pis a\u00a0rok. Pre m\u0148a osobne najkraj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1lezom bola kr\u00e1sne zachovan\u00e1 kameninov\u00e1 f\u013ea\u0161a s glaz\u00farou vyroben\u00e1 z nassausk\u00e9ho kame\u0148a. Na\u0161la som ju pri prieskume m\u00f3la v\u00a0Slovinsku. Pou\u017e\u00edvala sa na prevoz miner\u00e1lnej vody a\u00a0bol na nej vyryt\u00fd rok 1849. Miner\u00e1lna voda Selters, prepravovan\u00e1 v\u00a0t\u00fdchto f\u013ea\u0161iach, z\u00edskala medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 uznanie u\u017e v polovici 18. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nPresk\u00famali ste mnoh\u00e9 moria aj ich vraky. \u010co ste objavili na Cypre? <\/strong><\/p>\nZan\u00e1rali sme sa k\u00a0vysypan\u00e9mu n\u00e1kladu s\u00a0takmer 800 kyansk\u00fdmi amforami vo vraku Mazotos zo 4. storo\u010dia pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom. Poh\u013ead na tak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vy\u0161e metra vysok\u00fdch amfor, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa prev\u00e1\u017ealo\u00a0v\u00edno, bol neuverite\u013en\u00fd. Dva dni pred koncom v\u00fdskumu sa na\u0161la a\u00a0za\u010dala odkr\u00fdva\u0165 zachovan\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 trupu lode. Na nej archeol\u00f3govia videli pou\u017eitie dvoch techn\u00edk na jej v\u00fdrobu, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jali trad\u00edcie dvoch prominentn\u00fdch n\u00e1morn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov v Stredozemnom mori, Gr\u00e9kov a Feni\u010danov. Bolo fascinuj\u00face odkr\u00fdva\u0165 a\u00a0vyn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 na povrch\u00a0kr\u00e1sne zachovan\u00e9 amfory. Taktie\u017e som si uvedomila, ko\u013ek\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchom prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa \u00fato\u010disko a pozorovala, ako archeol\u00f3govia spolupracuj\u00fa s\u00a0morsk\u00fdmi biol\u00f3gmi, ktor\u00ed pre tieto \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy pripravili nov\u00fd priestor, ke\u010f\u017ee amfory – ich domov sme im postupne odoberali.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nUnik\u00e1tny bol aj vrak pri chorv\u00e1tskom ostrove Gnali\u010d, lo\u010f sa toti\u017e potopila pln\u00e1 tovaru…<\/strong><\/p>\nLo\u010f Gagliana grossa viezla z\u00a0Ben\u00e1tok do Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu n\u00e1klad vy\u0161e 5.000 okr\u00fahlych okenn\u00fdch tab\u00fa\u013e a\u00a0in\u00e9ho luxusn\u00e9ho tovaru na prestavbu \u010dasti h\u00e1remu sult\u00e1na Murada III., ktor\u00fd bol po\u0161koden\u00fd po\u017eiarom. V\u00a0okt\u00f3bri 1583 po\u010das b\u00farky a\u00a0zl\u00e9ho po\u010dasia narazila do mal\u00e9ho ostrova Gnali\u010d v Pa\u0161manskom prielive, 17 m\u00ed\u013e ju\u017ene od dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Zadaru. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa lo\u010f potopila v dostupnej h\u013abke okolo 25 metrov, v\u00a0pomerne kr\u00e1tkej dobe z\u00a0vraku zachr\u00e1nili v\u0161etok cenn\u00fd tovar – perly, diamanty \u010di smaragdy. Vrak upadol na dlh\u00fa dobu do zabudnutia. V\u00a070. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia sa za\u010dal novodob\u00fd archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdskum vraku, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0tomto storo\u010d\u00ed pokra\u010doval pod veden\u00edm profesorky Ireny Radi\u010d Rossi z\u00a0univerzity v\u00a0Zadare. Ve\u013ea n\u00e1jden\u00fdch artefaktov ako kotvy, del\u00e1, sklen\u00e9 poh\u00e1re, keramika, \u0161aty, kor\u00e1lky na v\u00fdzdobu \u0161iat, svietniky, mince, okuliare, okenn\u00e9 tabule… mo\u017eno vidie\u0165 v\u00a0m\u00fazeu v\u00a0meste Biograd na Moru. K najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1lezom patr\u00ed 54-metrov\u00e1 rola damasku – jedin\u00e1 nepostrihan\u00e1 z\u00a0tohto obdobia na svete. Vzh\u013eadom na pestros\u0165 prev\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho tovaru vo vraku sa mu hovor\u00ed aj \u201eOkno do sveta renesancie\u201c.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nPri slovinskom Portoro\u017ei ste dokumentovali r\u00edmsky pr\u00edstav…<\/strong><\/p>\nV\u00a0\u010dase, kedy sme sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili na jednom z\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch projektov v Slovinsku pod veden\u00edm Ren\u00e9ho Masaryka zo ZAPA (Zavod za Podvodno Arheologijo), sa pl\u00e1novalo roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 sk\u00faman\u00fa plochu lokality z\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej \u010dasti v\u00fdskumu. Ke\u010f\u017ee bolo zn\u00e1me, \u017ee n\u00e1lezy spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00a0h\u013abke od cca 50 cm od morsk\u00e9ho dna a\u00a0sk\u00faman\u00e1 plocha mala rozmer pribli\u017ene 18 x 14 m, bol objednan\u00fd lodn\u00fd bager na odkopanie vrchnej vrstvy, aby sa u\u0161etril \u010das. Kapit\u00e1n n\u00e1s ubezpe\u010doval, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee odkopa\u0165 n\u00e1nos s\u00a0presnos\u0165ou 30 cm. Ke\u010f sa bager dvakr\u00e1t zahryzol do morsk\u00e9ho dna a\u00a0my sme potom skontrolovali jeho pr\u00e1cu, na\u0161li sme pod vodou hotov\u00fa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165 – dve obrovsk\u00e9 diery hlbok\u00e9 vy\u0161e metra a\u00a0v\u0161ade kusy keramiky a rozbit\u00e9 \u010dasti amfor. Tak\u017ee pl\u00e1n A\u00a0nevy\u0161iel. Pred nami bolo sedem t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov ru\u010dn\u00e9ho kopania v\u00a0tvrdej \u00edlovitej hline pomocou z\u00e1hradnej lopatky. Na\u0161li sme nielen ve\u013ea keramiky, ale\u00a0dok\u00e1zali sme odhali\u0165 a\u00a0vynies\u0165 nepo\u0161koden\u00e9 kusy pr\u00edstavn\u00fdch dreven\u00fdch kolov. Na\u0161li sme aj tegulu, ozdobn\u00fa ihlicu na \u0161aty so zachovan\u00fdm n\u00e1pisom manufakt\u00fary i olejov\u00fa lampu z\u00a03. storo\u010dia z\u00a0Afriky. Bolo to skvel\u00e9 obdobie, hoci n\u00e1s po siedmich t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och kopania v\u00a0\u00edle e\u0161te nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov boleli ruky.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Zuzana Zimmermannov\u00e1<\/p>\n
foto arch\u00edv Andrey Kiss<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nCel\u00fd rozhovor si pre\u010d\u00edtate vo febru\u00e1rovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2025)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Profesion\u00e1lna pot\u00e1pa\u010dka Andrea Kiss pod hladinou objavila \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd svet, v\u00a0ktorom dok\u00e1\u017ee dokonale vypn\u00fa\u0165. Fascinuj\u00face naho\u017eiabre slim\u00e1ky, podmorsk\u00e9 jaskyne \u010di poklady z\u00a0lodn\u00fdch vrakov nielen ticho pozoruje, ale aj brav\u00farne fotografuje a vedecky b\u00e1da. Z\u00fa\u010dastnila sa archeologick\u00e9ho ponoru k vraku lode s keramikou, vz\u00e1cnym damaskom \u010di kor\u00e1likmi, ktor\u00e1 stroskotala v\u00a0Pa\u0161manskom prielive na plavbe do Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu, dokumentovala […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12981,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[141,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-februar-2025","category-interview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12980"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12984,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980\/revisions\/12984"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/s110.jpg\")
<\/a>\u010co v\u00e1s priviedlo k\u00a0pot\u00e1paniu?<\/strong><\/p>\n