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<\/a>5.Ak by ste mali vymenova\u0165 va\u0161ich top 10 farieb z rastlinnej r\u00ed\u0161e, ktor\u00e9 by to boli? <\/strong><\/p>\nTop 10 neviem, \u010di \u00faplne m\u00e1m… Pre predstavu m\u00f4\u017eem aspo\u0148 spomen\u00fa\u0165 zop\u00e1r tradi\u010dn\u00fdch zdrojov farb\u00edv. \u017dlt\u00fa n\u00e1m d\u00e1 ve\u013ea rastl\u00edn, napr\u00edklad Kru\u010dinka farbiarska, Zlatoby\u013e kanadsk\u00e1, Vrati\u010d oby\u010dajn\u00fd \u010di Ruman\u010dek farbiarsky. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm zdrojom \u010dervenej s\u00fa korene Mareny farbiarskej. Modr\u00fa z\u00edskame z listov\u00a0indigovn\u00edkov alebo Borytu farbiarskeho. \u010cierna sa tradi\u010dne z\u00edskavala z\u00a0uhl\u00edkov a sadz\u00ed (kost\u00ed, k\u00f4stok, vini\u010da) alebo z dubienok, ktor\u00e9 sa kombinovali so s\u00edranmi \u017eeleza. Ak by som si mala vybra\u0165 len top 1, tak by to zrejme boli dubienky alebo dubov\u00e9 h\u00e1lky. Fascinuje ma, \u017ee k\u00fdm som sa neza\u010dala venova\u0165 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9mu farbeniu, tak som si ich nikdy v\u00a0lese nev\u0161imla. Ide o\u00a0gu\u013eat\u00e9 v\u00fdrastky na dubov\u00fdch stromoch, ktor\u00e9 vznikn\u00fa ako ochrann\u00e1 reakcia stromu na podr\u00e1\u017edenie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 hmyzom. Sami\u010dky, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie Hr\u010diarky dubovej, naklad\u00fa vaj\u00ed\u010dka do tkaniva stromu, a\u00a0ten sa chr\u00e1ni t\u00fdm, \u017ee vytvor\u00ed h\u00e1lku. H\u00e1lka n\u00e1sledne z\u00e1rove\u0148 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako zimn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010disko pre larvu, ktor\u00e1 ju na jar u\u017e ako osi\u010dka opust\u00ed. A\u00a0v\u0161etky chemick\u00e9 reakcie, ktor\u00e9 po\u010das toho prebehn\u00fa, sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee dubienky s\u00fa v\u00fdnimo\u010dne bohat\u00e9 na triesloviny. Preto sa v\u00fdborne hodia na pr\u00edpravu, teda morenie celul\u00f3zov\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien. Alebo na pr\u00edpravu \u010diernej farby, ktor\u00e1 sa storo\u010dia a\u017e tis\u00edcro\u010dia pou\u017e\u00edvala ako z\u00e1kladn\u00fd atrament. Napr\u00edklad na \u00faradoch a\u00a0na po\u0161t\u00e1ch, no bola i\u00a0ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm atramentom Leonarda da Vinciho, Johanna Sebastiana Bacha a mnoh\u00fdch spisovate\u013eov. I\u00a0najstar\u0161ia zachovan\u00e1 Biblia je vraj\u00a0 nap\u00edsan\u00e1 dubienkovou \u010diernou. Mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u0161ak pracova\u0165 pri nej s\u00a0dobr\u00fdmi pomermi surov\u00edn, inak m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dasom \u201eprehr\u00fdz\u0165\u201c svoj podklad, \u010do sa i\u00a0\u010dasto st\u00e1valo.<\/p>\n
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6.<\/strong>Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 farbiv\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161neho p\u00f4vodu. Taliansky aperit\u00edv Campari z\u00edskal svoju ikonick\u00fa karm\u00ednovo-\u010derven\u00fa farbu z \u010cervca nop\u00e1lov\u00e9ho…<\/strong><\/p>\n\u010cervec nop\u00e1lov\u00fd (Dactylopius coccus) je drobn\u00fd hmyz parazituj\u00faci na opunci\u00e1ch (druh kaktusu) a\u00a0z jeho vysu\u0161en\u00fdch tiel sa z\u00edskava pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 farbivo zvan\u00e9 ko\u0161enila alebo karm\u00edn. Zo sveta farieb ho pozn\u00e1me ako karm\u00ednovo \u010derven\u00fa. T\u00fato farbu pou\u017e\u00edvali takmer v\u0161etci ve\u013ek\u00ed maliari vr\u00e1tane Rembrandta, Vermeera \u010di Rubensa. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1mym zdrojom s\u00fa sami\u010dky hmyzu Laccifer lacca, ktor\u00e9 vylu\u010duj\u00fa \u017eivicu obsahuj\u00facu \u010derven\u00e9 farbivo. Samotn\u00e1 \u017eivica sa po extrakcii farbiva pou\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu \u0161elaku. Extrakt poskytuje karm\u00ednov\u00e9, bordovo \u010derven\u00e9 a\u017e fialov\u00e9 odtiene. Alebo sl\u00e1vny purpur, farbivo z\u00edskavan\u00e9 z\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch druhov m\u00e4kk\u00fd\u0161ov, ako napr\u00edklad morsk\u00e9 ulitn\u00edky z\u00a0\u010de\u013eade Muricidae (Bolinus Brandaris a\u00a0Hexaples trunculus), ale aj skaln\u00edky, morsk\u00ed je\u017ekovia \u010di last\u00farniky, ktor\u00e9 sa kv\u00f4li produkcii farbiva stali v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozen\u00fdmi druhmi. Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 farbiv\u00e1 poskytuj\u00fa aj r\u00f4zne anorganick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly – hlinky, miner\u00e1ly, kamene. Tie s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 napr\u00edklad u\u017e v\u00a0jaskynn\u00fdch ma\u013eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
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7.Je potrebn\u00e9 pristupova\u0165 ku ka\u017ed\u00e9mu farbivu individu\u00e1lne, alebo existuje na jeho spracovanie jeden z\u00e1kladn\u00fd recept? <\/strong><\/p>\nExistuj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 recepty, od ktor\u00fdch sa mo\u017eno odrazi\u0165 a\u00a0potom h\u013eada\u0165 najlep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdsledok. Alebo v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Je to tak\u00e1 hra, experiment \u010di alch\u00fdmia. Alebo je to aj chemick\u00fd proces s\u00a0pr\u00edsnymi pravidlami. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed, ktorou cestou sa vyberiete. Ja sa rada hr\u00e1m, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 rada rozumiem pravidl\u00e1m hry.<\/p>\n
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8.Ako vyzer\u00e1 miesto, kde tvor\u00edte? Sk\u00f4r ako laborat\u00f3rium, alebo tvoriv\u00e1 diel\u0148a?<\/strong><\/p>\nM\u00e1m mal\u00fd priestor \u010di ateli\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd vznikol v\u00a0b\u00fdvalej pr\u00e1\u010dovni bytov\u00e9ho domu. Ke\u010f sme prer\u00e1bali kuchy\u0148u, man\u017eel mi t\u00fa p\u00f4vodn\u00fa pres\u0165ahoval tam a\u00a0hoci nejde o najdokonalej\u0161\u00ed priestor, som za\u0148 ve\u013emi v\u010fa\u010dn\u00e1. Pri farben\u00ed je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup k\u00a0vode, dobr\u00e9 vetranie a,\u00a0samozrejme, treba pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 in\u00e9 n\u00e1radie, ako ke\u010f var\u00edte. Niektor\u00ed farbiari alebo umelci pracuj\u00faci s\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi farbami v\u00a0kuchyni, nemaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lny priestor. Jason Logan, autor knihy Make Ink, s\u00a0humorom hovor\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0kuchyni varil z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00a0jednom hrnci polievku a\u00a0v\u00a0druhom farby a\u00a0n\u00e1v\u0161teva v\u017edy t\u0155pla, \u010do im nalo\u017e\u00ed na tanier…<\/p>\n
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9.\u010co u v\u00e1s doma n\u00e1jdeme pozna\u010den\u00e9 va\u0161\u00edm farbiarskym rukopisom? <\/strong><\/p>\nU\u010d\u00edm sa, testujem veci na sebe, tak\u017ee je toho dos\u0165. Oble\u010denie, doplnky – \u0161atky, ta\u0161ky, gumi\u010dky, ale aj kuchynsk\u00e9 textiln\u00e9 doplnky. M\u00e1m oble\u010denie zo secondhandov alebo swapov, ktor\u00e9 som osvie\u017eila farben\u00edm, ale aj\u00a0oble\u010denie, ktor\u00e9 som okrem farbenia i\u00a0\u0161ila. Kimon\u00e1, \u0161aty, topy pre m\u0148a alebo kamar\u00e1tky. Aktu\u00e1lne sa u\u010d\u00edm \u0161trikova\u0165 a\u00a0moj\u00edm najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edm k\u00faskom je prv\u00fd u\u0161trikovan\u00fd \u0161\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd som nafarbila l\u00fa\u010dnymi kvetmi nazbieran\u00fdmi e\u0161te s\u00a0mojou maminou, ktor\u00e1 tu u\u017e s\u00a0nami nie je. Okrem toho, \u017ee sa mi p\u00e1\u010di, m\u00e1 pre m\u0148a aj hlb\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n
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10.Zaujali v\u00e1s nejak\u00e9 piko\u0161ky z dej\u00edn farbenia text\u00edli\u00ed? <\/strong><\/p>\nFarbiari v\u0161eobecne neboli ve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00ed obyvatelia miest. K\u00a0svojej \u010dinnosti potrebovali ve\u013ea vody, \u010fal\u0161iu vodu zne\u010dis\u0165ovali. Pestovanie farbiarskych rastl\u00edn zaberalo a znehodnocovalo p\u00f4du, a\u00a0tak sa zav\u00e1dzali pr\u00edsne regul\u00e1cie. Farbiari v\u00a0r\u00e1mci svojich cechov boli rozdelen\u00ed na tmavofarbiarov, svetlofarbiarov \u010di kr\u00e1snofarbiarov, ktor\u00ed tla\u010dili vzory. Na z\u00e1klade toho sa mohli venova\u0165 len farebnej \u0161k\u00e1le, ktor\u00e1 danej skupine prisl\u00fachala. Zauj\u00edmavou piko\u0161kou je napr\u00edklad i\u00a0fakt, \u017ee ke\u010f sa v\u00a0stredoveku za\u010dalo do Eur\u00f3py dov\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 exotick\u00e9 indigo z Indie, \u013eudia si dlho mysleli, \u017ee ide o\u00a0rozdrven\u00fd miner\u00e1l a\u00a0naz\u00fdvali ho indick\u00fdm kame\u0148om. Alebo pr\u00edbehy o\u00a0tom, ako r\u00edmsky cis\u00e1r Nero a\u00a0byzantsk\u00fd cis\u00e1r Theodosius vydali z\u00e1kazy nosi\u0165 niektor\u00e9 druhy purpurov\u00fdch l\u00e1tok komuko\u013evek in\u00e9mu ako im samotn\u00fdm. Pod trestom smrti! Purpur sa po st\u00e1ro\u010dia sp\u00e1jal s\u00a0mocou a\u00a0bohatstvom. Vy\u0165a\u017eite\u013enos\u0165 tohto farbiva bola ve\u013emi mal\u00e1, v\u00a0pr\u00edpade t\u00fdrskeho purpuru sa spotrebovalo a\u017e 12.000 ulitn\u00edkov na 1,4 gramu farbiva. Tak\u017ee produkcia nest\u00edhala pokr\u00fdva\u0165 dopyt. Cis\u00e1r Caligula dal vraj zavra\u017edi\u0165 kr\u00e1\u013ea Mauret\u00e1nie Ptolemaia preto, lebo sa na gladi\u00e1torsk\u00fdch z\u00e1pasoch objavil v\u00a0n\u00e1dhernom purpurovom pl\u00e1\u0161ti, ktor\u00fd obdivovali v\u0161etci pr\u00edtomn\u00ed. Toto obdobie sa naz\u00fdva aj purpurov\u00fdm \u0161ialenstvom, bolo \u0161ialen\u00e9 niekoho zab\u00edja\u0165 kv\u00f4li farbe pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a a\u00a0bolo \u0161ialen\u00e9 aj, ak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov sa pritom ni\u010dili…<\/p>\n
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Simonetta Zalov\u00e1<\/p>\n
foto arch\u00edv Heleny a\u00a0Jozef Pollak<\/p>\n
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Druh\u00fa polovicu ot\u00e1zok a odpoved\u00ed si pre\u010d\u00edtate v j\u00fanovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2026)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Venuje sa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9mu farbeniu a\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm pigmentom, teda z\u00edskavaniu farieb z\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov. Sama hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ani nevie, \u010di na jej hobby existuje nejak\u00fd glob\u00e1lny pojem, a tak ozna\u010denie \u201epr\u00edrodn\u00e1 farbiarka\u201c prij\u00edma, hoci s\u00a0rezervou. Profesijne p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako m\u00fazejn\u00e1 pedagogi\u010dka v\u00a0M\u00fazeu mesta Bratislavy, predt\u00fdm pracovala ako galerijn\u00e1 a programov\u00e1 mana\u017e\u00e9rka v\u00a0Slovenskom centre dizajnu. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho farbenia ju […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,156],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etc","category-jun-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14166"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14171,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14166\/revisions\/14171"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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<\/a>1.Patr\u00ed slowness k tomu, \u010do rob\u00edte? Treba ma\u0165 na pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 farbenie bo\u017esk\u00fa trpezlivos\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n