{"id":1894,"date":"2015-11-06T12:05:57","date_gmt":"2015-11-06T10:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=1894"},"modified":"2015-11-06T12:05:57","modified_gmt":"2015-11-06T10:05:57","slug":"coimbra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/coimbra\/","title":{"rendered":"Coimbra"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"coimbra<\/a><\/p>\n

Prv\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 mesto a jeho univerzita<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm mestom Portugalska nebol v\u017edy Lisabon. V roku 1144 sa prv\u00fd portugalsk\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e us\u00eddlil v meste Coimbra, v centr\u00e1lnej \u010dasti krajiny, pri rieke Mondego. V roku 1290 zalo\u017eil kr\u00e1\u013e Dinis I. univerzitu, a t\u00e1 sa dnes rad\u00ed k najstar\u0161\u00edm na svete. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1\u013e, J\u00e1n III. v roku 1540 prenechal univerzite k dispoz\u00edcii svoj pal\u00e1c a ke\u010f sa s\u00eddlo kr\u00e1\u013ea premiestnilo do Lisabonu, pres\u00eddlila sa aj univerzita. Pokrokov\u00fd duch, zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie a n\u00e1zory jej intelektu\u00e1lnych kruhov sa v\u0161ak \u0161\u013eachte nepozd\u00e1vali, a tak rad\u0161ej nechala univerzitu pres\u0165ahova\u0165 nasp\u00e4\u0165 do Coimbry, v\u010faka \u010domu sa tu aj v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti rodia najlep\u0161ie hlavy a cel\u00e9mu mestu dominuje impozantn\u00fd komplex tejto vzdel\u00e1vacej in\u0161tit\u00facie. Spo\u010diatku sa tu vyu\u010dovalo len kanonick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, gramatika, teol\u00f3gia a\u00a0logika; nesk\u00f4r, ke\u010f si doba vy\u017eadovala r\u00f4znych \u0161pecialistov pre n\u00e1morn\u00e9 plavby, pribudli aj in\u00e9 predmety – geometria, aritmetika \u010di astron\u00f3mia. U\u017e v 14. storo\u010d\u00ed mali \u0161tudenti pr\u00e1vo sami si voli\u0165 svojich profesorov. \u0160tudentov i dnes na predn\u00e1\u0161ky zvol\u00e1va barokov\u00e1 zvonica, jeden z jej zvonov prez\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u201ecabra\u201c (koza), lebo jeho zvuk pripom\u00edna me\u010danie.<\/p>\n

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\"coimbra<\/a>Kni\u017en\u00e1 katedr\u00e1la<\/strong><\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou p\u00fdchou univerzity v Coimbre je kni\u017enica, ktor\u00e1 v\u010faka svojmu barokov\u00e9mu zariadeniu, bohat\u00fdm fresk\u00e1m, mno\u017estvu zlat\u00fdch ornamentov a n\u00e1bytku zo vz\u00e1cneho braz\u00edlskeho dreva pripom\u00edna sk\u00f4r posv\u00e4tn\u00fd chr\u00e1m. \u017diaden div, \u017ee patr\u00ed do desiatky najkraj\u0161\u00edch kni\u017en\u00edc na svete. Nach\u00e1dza sa tu 40.000 kn\u00edh, 3.000 stredovek\u00fdch rukopisov a vy\u0161e 200 kusov prvotla\u010de. V kni\u017enici \u017eije aj nieko\u013eko netopierov a dom\u00e1ci ich doslova rozmazn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, preto\u017ee sa nemusia ob\u00e1va\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho hmyzu, ktor\u00fd by mohol po\u0161kodi\u0165 vz\u00e1cne knihy. Len treba ka\u017ed\u00fd ve\u010der pokry\u0165 najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie dreven\u00e9 stoly plachtami, aby ich netopiere po no\u010dnej hostine nezne\u010distili. E\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161mi zaujme, \u017ee tu maj\u00fa aj v\u00e4zenie, a to priamo pod kni\u017enicou. Ak niektor\u00fd \u0161tudent poru\u0161il dom\u00e1ci poriadok alebo po\u0161kodil vypo\u017ei\u010dan\u00fa knihu, za trest musel do v\u00e4zenia. R\u00e1no \u0161iel pekne na predn\u00e1\u0161ky a potom \u0161up!, nasp\u00e4\u0165 do chl\u00e1dku! Ale v\u00e4zenie to bolo vskutku akademick\u00e9, preto\u017ee sa v\u00a0\u0148om nach\u00e1dzala aj toaleta. Nu\u017e, ktovie, \u010di pr\u00e1ve tu nebol vyn\u00e1jden\u00fd zvyk dlh\u00e9ho vysed\u00e1vania s kni\u017ekou na kolen\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n

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\"coimbra<\/a>Vesel\u00fd \u0161tudentsk\u00fd \u017eivot<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00ed \u0161tudenti v Coimbre chodia v uniform\u00e1ch s \u010diernym pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165om, t\u00e1to trad\u00edcia sa nesk\u00f4r preniesla aj do portugalsk\u00e9ho mesta Porto, odkia\u013e sa dostala a\u017e do pr\u00edbehov o Harrym Potterovi. Pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 by mal ma\u0165 rozstrapkan\u00fd lem, pri\u010dom vraj ka\u017ed\u00e9 natrhnutie znamen\u00e1 jedno milostn\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estvo. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 fakulta m\u00e1 vlastn\u00fa farbu a\u00a0\u0161tudenti pod\u013ea svojej pr\u00edslu\u0161nosti nosia aj farebn\u00e9 stu\u017eky. Po skon\u010den\u00ed \u0161t\u00fadia ich potom p\u00e1lia v r\u00e1mci cerem\u00f3nie Queima das Fitas, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno ozna\u010di\u0165 za jednu z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u0161tudentsk\u00fdch p\u00e1rty v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe: trv\u00e1 osem dn\u00ed, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 oslavuje in\u00e1 fakulta. Druh\u00fd sviatok je e\u0161te hlu\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed. Ide o prij\u00edmanie nov\u00fdch \u0161tudentov na za\u010diatku akademick\u00e9ho roka, Festa das Latas (doslova Sviatok plechoviek), ke\u010f sa t\u00edto nebor\u00e1ci nielen\u017ee musia navliec\u0165 do pestr\u00fdch kost\u00fdmov, ale na nohy im e\u0161te privia\u017eu strapce pr\u00e1zdnych plechoviek. Bujar\u00fd sprievod, v ktorom nech\u00fdbaj\u00fa plag\u00e1ty s karikat\u00farami profesorov, sa za hrmotu plechoviek, nar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00facich o kamenn\u00fa dla\u017ebu, pober\u00e1 cez mesto a\u017e k\u00a0rieke, kde prv\u00e1kov pokrstia vodou.<\/p>\n

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Mesto mladosti a piesne<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na univerzite \u0161tuduje vy\u0161e 20.000 \u0161tudentov (z viac ako 70 kraj\u00edn) a ke\u010f sa k tomu prid\u00e1 e\u0161te 10.000 z tunaj\u0161ej technickej vysokej \u0161koly, tak tvoria jednu p\u00e4tinu celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu obyvate\u013eov mesta. \u017diaden div, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9ra \u0161tudentsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u00a0Coimbre nadob\u00fada takmer hmatate\u013en\u00fa podobu. Cez de\u0148, ke\u010f tu prevl\u00e1da relat\u00edvny pokoj, turisti i miestni obyvatelia si radi vychutn\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u0161\u00e1lku silnej k\u00e1vy ne\u010faleko historick\u00e9ho kostola Santa Cruz, v ktorom s\u00fa pochovan\u00ed prv\u00ed dvaja portugalsk\u00ed kr\u00e1li. No\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot v Coimbre sa nesie v\u00a0znamen\u00ed v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u201eNa zdravie!\u201c, ktor\u00e9 sa z\u00a0barov rozlieha v r\u00f4znych jazykoch do skor\u00fdch rann\u00fdch hod\u00edn. \u010casto tu po\u010du\u0165 aj fado – ozvenu portugalskej du\u0161e. Na rozdiel od lisabonsk\u00e9ho fada spievaj\u00fa v Coimbre len mu\u017ei a v z\u00e1vere sa netlieska rukami, ale ka\u0161le. Piesne fado vyjadruj\u00fa em\u00f3cie \u013eudu, pln\u00e9 sm\u00fatku, t\u00fa\u017eby a bolesti du\u0161e. Ve\u010f aj star\u00e9 portugalsk\u00e9 pr\u00edslovie hovor\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ePortugalec spieva tam, kde je chu\u0165 plaka\u0165…\u201c<\/p>\n

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Z metropoly Portugalska<\/p>\n

Ingrid \u017dalneva<\/p>\n

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    Prv\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 mesto a jeho univerzita Hlavn\u00fdm mestom Portugalska nebol v\u017edy Lisabon. V roku 1144 sa prv\u00fd portugalsk\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e us\u00eddlil v meste Coimbra, v centr\u00e1lnej \u010dasti krajiny, pri rieke Mondego. V roku 1290 zalo\u017eil kr\u00e1\u013e Dinis I. univerzitu, a t\u00e1 sa dnes rad\u00ed k najstar\u0161\u00edm na svete. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1\u013e, J\u00e1n III. v roku […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metropoly","category-november-2015"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1894","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1894"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1902,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1894\/revisions\/1902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1894"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1894"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}