{"id":2368,"date":"2016-03-14T10:32:22","date_gmt":"2016-03-14T08:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=2368"},"modified":"2016-03-14T10:32:22","modified_gmt":"2016-03-14T08:32:22","slug":"michal-galik-svet-este-mozno-zachranit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/michal-galik-svet-este-mozno-zachranit\/","title":{"rendered":"Michal G\u00e1lik &#8211; Svet e\u0161te mo\u017eno zachr\u00e1ni\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Nekupujte v\u00fdrobky s\u00a0obsahom palmov\u00e9ho oleja! Mo\u017eno sa tak\u00e1to \u010di podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy dostali aj k v\u00e1m &#8211; na Facebooku koluj\u00fa \u010dl\u00e1nky, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1stoj\u010divo vysvet\u013euj\u00fa, pre\u010do palmov\u00fd olej sp\u00f4sobil ekologick\u00fa katastrofu, v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii u\u017e takmer vymizli da\u017e\u010fov\u00e9 pralesy a\u00a0ich vypa\u013eovanie prin\u00e1\u0161a smr\u0165 tamoj\u0161\u00edm zvierat\u00e1m, najm\u00e4 orangutanom. Michal G\u00e1lik, vy\u0161tudovan\u00fd zool\u00f3g so zap\u00e1len\u00fdm srdcom dobrodruha a\u00a0ochrancu pr\u00edrody, mal dvadsa\u0165jeden, ke\u010f odcestoval na Borneo a\u00a0nakr\u00fatil tam hodinov\u00fd dokument \u00a0Zelen\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161\u0165. Ak chcete vedie\u0165 v\u0161etko podstatn\u00e9 o\u00a0palmov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017each, pozrite si ho, na internete je vo\u013ene dostupn\u00fd.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik4-mal\u00e1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2371 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik4-mal\u00e1-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"galik4 mal\u00e1\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik4-mal\u00e1-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik4-mal\u00e1.jpg 394w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong>\u010co vo v\u00e1s vyvolalo z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0glob\u00e1lne ekologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0160tudoval som zool\u00f3giu a pr\u00edroda ma odmali\u010dka bavila. \u010casom som si za\u010dal uvedomova\u0165, \u017ee pr\u00edroda ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo mizne, a\u00a0to vo mne vzbudilo z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0jej ochranu. Za\u010dal som si v\u0161\u00edma\u0165, \u010do sa dnes vo svete deje, mal som toti\u017e pocit, \u017ee zmeny s\u00fa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchle. A\u017e neuverite\u013ene r\u00fdchle! Vlastne, odkedy som sa narodil, plan\u00e9ta Zem sa z\u00e1sadne zmenila a\u00a0ja sa som sa c\u00edtil zodpovedn\u00fd za to, \u017ee som jej s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou a\u00a0ni\u010d proti tomu nerob\u00edm&#8230; Sme u\u017e akoby posledn\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 e\u0161te m\u00f4\u017ee zabojova\u0165 za zmenu, aj ke\u010f u\u017e pomali\u010dky za\u010d\u00ednam by\u0165 skeptick\u00fd, \u010di sme to predsa len nepre\u0161vihli. Tempom, ktor\u00fdm sa dnes plan\u00e9ta ni\u010d\u00ed, nem\u00e1 \u0161ancu dlho vydr\u017ea\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Va\u0161e vz\u0165ah k\u00a0pr\u00edrode po prv\u00fd raz dostal hmatate\u013en\u00fa podobu v dokumente, ktor\u00fd ste nakr\u00fatili na ostrove Borneo.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zelen\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161\u0165 to prakticky cel\u00e9 od\u0161tartovala. V\u017edy som vedel, \u017ee chcem nakr\u00faca\u0165 dokumenty, ale nikdy predt\u00fdm som to nesk\u00fasil. \u0160tudoval som vedeck\u00fd odbor na m\u00edle vzdialen\u00fd film\u00e1r\u010dine, \u0161\u0165ast\u00edm v\u0161ak bolo, \u017ee som sa ocitol na odbornej (zoologickej\/ochran\u00e1rskej) predn\u00e1\u0161ke Stanislava Lhotu, ktor\u00fd \u017eije v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii. Najsk\u00f4r mal v\u00a0pl\u00e1ne venova\u0165 sa v\u00fdskumu prim\u00e1tov, no situ\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 tam panuje, ho don\u00fatila sk\u00f4r sa anga\u017eova\u0165 pri z\u00e1chrane ohrozen\u00fdch \u017eivotov, najm\u00e4 orangutanov. (Stanislav Lhota je prim\u00e1tol\u00f3g, v\u00fdskumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk ZOO v\u00a0\u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, odborn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk na Fakulte agrobiol\u00f3gie, potravinov\u00fdch a\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov \u010cZU v\u00a0Prahe a\u00a0popredn\u00e1 osobnos\u0165 ne\u00fanavne bojuj\u00faca proti roz\u0161irovaniu palmov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, pozn. red.)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co sa odohralo na predn\u00e1\u0161ke Stanislava Lhotu? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hovoril o\u00a0ochrane tropick\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov a\u00a0ja som u\u017e v\u00a0tej dobe chcel niekam vypadn\u00fa\u0165, nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom pom\u00f4c\u0165. Bol som e\u0161te na \u0161kole, robil som si bakal\u00e1ra, ale oslovil som Standu, \u017ee by som r\u00e1d na Borneo \u0161iel a\u00a0r\u00e1d by som tam bol n\u00e1pomocn\u00fd. Navrhol som, \u017ee by som tamoj\u0161iu situ\u00e1ciu mohol zdokumentova\u0165 a nakr\u00fati\u0165 film o\u00a0problematike ochrany pr\u00edrody tohto devastovan\u00e9ho ostrova. P\u00f4vodne som sa chcel zamera\u0165 na v\u0161etky druhy priemyslu, len\u017ee probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 tam boli ak\u00fatne pred dvadsiatimi rokmi (drancovanie krajiny kv\u00f4li \u0165a\u017ebe uhlia alebo dreva) s\u00fa u\u017e dnes v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0palmov\u00fdm priemyslom takmer zanedbate\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00a0\u010d\u00edm ste na Borneo odi\u0161li?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po\u017ei\u010dal som si z\u00a0otcovej pr\u00e1ce lacn\u00fa kameru,\u00a0zbalil zop\u00e1r nevyhnutn\u00fdch vec\u00ed a odletel, pri\u010dom som v\u00f4bec netu\u0161il, ako to cel\u00e9 dopadne. Pustil som sa do problematiky, o\u00a0ktorej na Slovensku a\u00a0v \u010cech\u00e1ch prakticky nikto nevedel, nevych\u00e1dzali o\u00a0nej \u017eiadne \u010dl\u00e1nky. Mal som trochu pochybnosti, \u010di v\u00f4bec dokument o\u00a0palmovom oleji bude chcie\u0165 niekto pozera\u0165 a\u00a0\u010di pon\u00fakne dostato\u010dne siln\u00fa my\u0161lienku, aby \u013eud\u00ed oslovila. Netu\u0161il som, \u010di sa \u013eudia o\u00a0tieto probl\u00e9my v\u00f4bec zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa, no bol som ve\u013emi prekvapen\u00fd, \u017ee film Zelen\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161\u0165 napriek tomu, \u017ee sa nem\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 extra dobrou technickou kvalitou, vzbudil u\u00a0div\u00e1kov mimoriadny z\u00e1ujem a\u00a0jeho posolstvo sa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edrilo&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2372 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik2-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"galik2\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik2-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik2-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik2.jpg 1772w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><strong>Vznikal dokument Zelen\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161\u0165 pod\u013ea vopred pripraven\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sk\u00f4r naopak, ni\u010d nebolo ve\u013emi pl\u00e1novan\u00e9, film vznikol prakticky \u201ena kolene\u201c. Standa ma predstavil \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa s\u00a0problematikou palmov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na Borneu prepojen\u00ed, uk\u00e1zal mi konkr\u00e9tne plant\u00e1\u017ee a\u00a0ja som tam behal s\u00a0kamerou a\u00a0nakr\u00facal v\u0161etko, \u010do sa dalo. Bez scen\u00e1ra. A\u017e doma, ke\u010f som sa vr\u00e1til, za\u010dal som v\u00a0materi\u00e1loch h\u013eada\u0165 pr\u00edbehy, striha\u0165, ba\u00a0dokonca som si kv\u00f4li filmu po\u017ei\u010dal po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, lebo som v\u00a0tom \u010dase \u017eiaden v\u00fdkonn\u00fd nemal. Na\u0161iel som jedn\u00e9ho Ko\u0161i\u010dana &#8211; \u0161\u00e9fkuch\u00e1ra v\u00a0Prahe, ktor\u00fd mi ho po\u017ei\u010dal.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako vlastne ekologick\u00e1 katastrofa sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 palmov\u00fdm olejom vznikla? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Palma olejn\u00e1 poch\u00e1dza zo z\u00e1padnej Afriky, kde rastie dodnes a\u00a0kde sa vyu\u017e\u00edva v\u00a0norm\u00e1lnom meradle. Pred viac ako sto rokmi ju koloniz\u00e1tori priviezli do Indon\u00e9zie a\u00a0Malajzie, kde sa jej v\u010faka ide\u00e1lnym klimatick\u00fdm podmienkam ve\u013emi dobre darilo. Zistilo sa, \u017ee m\u00e1 ve\u013emi dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy a\u00a0v porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00fdmi plodinami produkuje neporovnate\u013ene viac oleja &#8211; ten sa vyr\u00e1ba z\u00a0jadier alebo obalu plodov. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investori preto v\u00a0obrovskom meradle za\u010dali vys\u00e1dza\u0165 monokult\u00farne plant\u00e1\u017ee palmy olejnej. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee Malajzia a\u00a0Indon\u00e9zia s\u00fa krajiny s\u00a0ve\u013ekou mierou korupcie a\u00a0prakticky bez kontroly. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investori si tam teda m\u00f4\u017eu robi\u0165, \u010do sa im za\u017eiada.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako dlho trv\u00e1 vys\u00e1dzanie palmov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0tejto oblasti? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Za posledn\u00fdch dvadsa\u0165 rokov pokryli palmov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee takmer cel\u00fa Malajziu a\u00a0Indon\u00e9ziu. Ohrozuj\u00fa miestnu faunu, fl\u00f3ru, str\u00e1caj\u00fa sa vz\u00e1cne pralesy a\u00a0orangutany &#8211; \u201evlajkov\u00fd\u201c \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ny druh Indon\u00e9zie. Namiesto pralesov vid\u00edte v\u0161ade palmov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee, mal\u00ed farm\u00e1ri nemaj\u00fa pr\u00e1cu, lebo prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa o\u00a0pozemky a\u00a0s\u00fa celkom bezmocn\u00ed, preto\u017ee stratili sebesta\u010dnos\u0165. Z\u00a0palmov\u00fdch fabr\u00edk a\u00a0plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sa splavuje toxick\u00fd odpad do v\u00f4d, ktor\u00fd zne\u010dis\u0165uje miestne vody, a\u00a0tie ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa bez r\u00fdb, \u013eudia trpia chorobami, lebo s\u00fa zvyknut\u00ed tamoj\u0161iu vodu pi\u0165, vari\u0165 ju i\u00a0k\u00fapa\u0165 sa v\u00a0nej. Palmov\u00fd priemysel ovplyv\u0148uje nielen biodiverzitu danej oblasti, ale aj \u017eivoty \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co v\u00e1s na Borneu \u0161okovalo najviac?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Odmali\u010dka som si Borneo predstavoval ako n\u00e1dhern\u00fd ostrov s\u00a0neporu\u0161en\u00fdm pralesom pln\u00fdm zveri, ale, \u017eia\u013e, realita je ove\u013ea bo\u013eavej\u0161ia. K\u00fdm sme dorazili k\u00a0prv\u00e9mu prim\u00e1rnemu da\u017e\u010fov\u00e9mu pralesu, museli sme cestova\u0165 nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed autom cez plant\u00e1\u017ee, a\u00a0zasa iba plant\u00e1\u017ee. V minulosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu ostrova tvoril prales a\u00a0len kde-tu sa \u010drtali pol\u00ed\u010dka po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy. Dnes len kde-tu ostali ostrov\u010deky pralesa, a\u00a0tie na\u010falej ustupuj\u00fa po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4de a\u00a0po\u017eiarom, ktor\u00e9 \u00famyselne zakladaj\u00fa plant\u00e1\u017enici, aby z\u00edskali nov\u00fa p\u00f4du pre palmy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Potrebujeme nevyhnutne palmov\u00fd olej k\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161mu \u017eivotu, alebo ho mo\u017eno nahradi\u0165 nie\u010d\u00edm, \u010do plan\u00e9tu drancuje menej? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u017dili sme bez neho \u201eveselo\u201c pred dvadsiatimi rokmi, pou\u017e\u00edvali sme miestne oleje, repkov\u00fd a\u00a0slne\u010dnicov\u00fd. Dnes prech\u00e1dzame na palmov\u00fd olej predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre jeho ni\u017e\u0161iu cenu, ale aj vlastnosti: pri izbovej teplote je tuh\u0161\u00ed, ako ostatn\u00e9 oleje, v\u010faka \u010domu sa prid\u00e1va do sladkost\u00ed a\u00a0in\u00fdch potravin\u00e1rskych v\u00fdrobkov&#8230; Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00fdrobky s\u00a0palmov\u00fdm olejom s\u00fa lacnej\u0161ie (su\u0161ienky m\u00f4\u017eu st\u00e1\u0165 iba nieko\u013eko centov!), tak ich \u013eudia kupuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dokument Zelen\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161\u0165 vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee z\u00a0plodov palmy olejnej mo\u017eno olej z\u00edskava\u0165 maxim\u00e1lne 25 rokov. \u010co sa deje potom?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jedna gener\u00e1cia palmy olejnej d\u00e1va \u00farodu zhruba 20 &#8211; 30 rokov. Ke\u010f\u017ee najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed rozmach ve\u013ekoplo\u0161n\u00fdch palmov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nastal pribli\u017ene pred dvadsiatimi rokmi, existuje ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo lokal\u00edt, kde plant\u00e1\u017enici vysadili druh\u00fa gener\u00e1ciu palmy olejnej. Pri n\u00e1v\u0161teve Bornea sme videli jednu tak\u00fa star\u0161iu plant\u00e1\u017e, kde u\u017e palmy druhej gener\u00e1cie plody neprodukovali. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 palma ich produkuje celoro\u010dne asi od 3. do 25. roka \u017eivota a plody sa zbieraj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 dn\u00ed. Z\u00a0t\u00fdchto faktov vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee jedna gener\u00e1cia palmy olejnej vy\u010derp\u00e1 \u017eiviny z\u00a0p\u00f4dy nato\u013eko, \u017ee \u010fal\u0161ie gener\u00e1cie u\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017eu produkova\u0165 plody a p\u00f4da ost\u00e1va tak neplodn\u00e1, \u017ee na nej nevyrastie ani p\u00f4vodn\u00fd prales. Jedin\u00e9, \u010do na takomto mieste vznikne, bude pravdepodobne tr\u00e1vnat\u00e1 savanov\u00e1 krajina, ak\u00e1si zelen\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161\u0165. \u010clovek teda nielen ni\u010d\u00ed pralesy, ktor\u00e9 na t\u00fdchto miestach r\u00e1stli tis\u00edce rokov, ale navy\u0161e mar\u00ed aj \u0161ancu pr\u00edrody na prirodzen\u00fa obnovu p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik1-mal\u00e1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2373 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik1-mal\u00e1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"galik1 mal\u00e1\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik1-mal\u00e1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik1-mal\u00e1.jpg 394w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><strong>Ke\u010f p\u00e1trame po palmovom oleji na obaloch potrav\u00edn a\u00a0kozmetick\u00fdch pr\u00edpravkov, m\u00f4\u017ee sa zda\u0165, \u017ee je v\u0161ade. Aj v\u00a0lentilk\u00e1ch \u010di tatrank\u00e1ch&#8230;\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hoci sa palmov\u00fd olej produkuje v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii a\u00a0Malajzii, exportuje sa do cel\u00e9ho sveta. K jeho najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm spotrebite\u013eom patria India, \u010c\u00edna a\u00a0krajiny Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako pr\u00eddavok do ve\u013ekej \u0161k\u00e1ly v\u00fdrobkov &#8211; a\u017e v\u00a0polovici, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1jdete v\u00a0supermarketoch, od \u010dipsov cez margar\u00edny, sladkosti, su\u0161ienky, ke\u010dupy, om\u00e1\u010dky, su\u0161en\u00e9 polievky a\u017e po krmivo pre dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1 \u010di\u00a0mydl\u00e1 a \u0161amp\u00f3ny. Obrovsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m predstavuje aj jeho pou\u017eitie na biopalivo, preto\u017ee E\u00da schv\u00e1lila z\u00e1kon, ktor\u00fd prikazuje pou\u017eitie 10% pohonn\u00fdch hm\u00f4t ako biopaliva, lebo \u201ebio\u201c znie hrozne \u201ezeleno\u201c a\u00a0vytv\u00e1ra dojem, \u017ee \u0161etr\u00edme ropu. V\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti ide o obrovsk\u00fd omyl &#8211; pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka v\u00fdrobe palmov\u00e9ho oleja na biopalivo pr\u00edroda devastuje e\u0161te r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. Paradoxne, pri spotrebe fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv sa do ovzdu\u0161ia uvo\u013e\u0148uje menej CO<sub>2<\/sub>, ako pri produkcii palmov\u00e9ho oleja&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010clovek v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe si v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee poveda\u0165, \u017ee ho probl\u00e9my Indon\u00e9zie nezauj\u00edmaj\u00fa, ve\u010f m\u00e1 dos\u0165 svojich tu, doma&#8230; <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vn\u00edmam to tak, \u017ee dnes u\u017e svet nie je tak\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd, aby sme si mohli dovoli\u0165 ignorova\u0165, \u010do sa deje na opa\u010dnej strane zemegule. Probl\u00e9m palmov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii je presne o\u00a0tom, \u017ee miestni \u013eudkovia s\u00a0t\u00fdm ni\u010d nezm\u00f4\u017eu, nemaj\u00fa svoju krajinu pod kontrolou, prakticky ju ovl\u00e1dame my, spotrebitelia palmov\u00e9ho oleja, ktor\u00ed podporujeme cel\u00fa t\u00fa ma\u0161in\u00e9riu a\u00a0devast\u00e1ciu ich domoviny.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kde ste na Borneu b\u00fdvali? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na za\u010diatku som b\u00fdval u\u00a0Standu, ktor\u00fd mal v\u00a0okrajovej \u010dasti mesta Balikpapan vo V\u00fdchodnom Kalimantane postaven\u00fd pr\u00edjemn\u00fd dom\u010dek nad vodou. Za dlh\u00e9 roky, \u010do na ostrove \u017eije a\u00a0venuje sa ochrane prim\u00e1tov, nadviazal mno\u017estvo kontaktov, a\u00a0tak sme spolu &#8211; \u010di u\u017e hromadnou dopravou alebo na motork\u00e1ch &#8211; cestovali za \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00fdch sa palmov\u00fd priemysel nejako dot\u00fdka. Ve\u013ek\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa po\u017eiare, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 na svedom\u00ed palmov\u00fd priemysel, ke\u010f\u017ee tak sa zbavuje pralesov. Osudn\u00fdm sa to stalo aj ned\u00e1vno, ke\u010f sa po\u017eiare kv\u00f4li extr\u00e9mnemu suchu roz\u0161\u00edrili do obrovsk\u00fdch rozmerov. Za p\u00e1r t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov zni\u010dili jednu tretinu lesov Bornea a\u00a0Sumatry. \u0160koda je neuverite\u013en\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Niektor\u00e9 \u00fadaje hovoria, \u017ee v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii ro\u010dne pr\u00edde o\u00a0\u017eivot 5.000 orangutanov, ktor\u00fdch prirodzen\u00fdm domovom s\u00fa da\u017e\u010fov\u00e9 pralesy&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii \u017eij\u00fa dva druhy orangutanov. Ohrozen\u00fd orangutan bornejsk\u00fd a\u00a0kriticky ohrozen\u00fd orangutan sumatriansky. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee pred sto rokmi tu \u017eilo a\u017e 315.000 orangutanov, pri\u010dom pod\u013ea s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed z\u00a0rokov 2003 &#8211; 2004 sa popul\u00e1cia orangutana bornejsk\u00e9ho odhadovala na 45.000 &#8211; 69.000 jedincov a\u00a0orangutana sumatrianskeho na 7.300. Dnes niektor\u00e9 zdroje ud\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee celkov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia oboch druhov m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dini\u0165 len 45.000 jedincov na Borneu a\u00a0Sumatre a\u00a0ich \u00fabytok sa odhaduje na 1.000 a\u017e 5.000 ro\u010dne. D\u00f4vodov je nieko\u013eko: strata prim\u00e1rneho pralesa, \u00fabytok potravy, po\u017eiare, zab\u00edjanie zvierat palmov\u00fdmi zamestnancami, pytlia\u010denie i \u010dierny obchod s\u00a0dom\u00e1cimi mil\u00e1\u010dikmi. Tak\u00fdmto tempom m\u00f4\u017eu orangutany na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te do 25 rokov celkom vyhyn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako na t\u00fato situ\u00e1ciu reaguj\u00fa ochran\u00e1ri? \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii vzniklo mno\u017estvo organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia orangutany zachra\u0148ova\u0165 a\u00a0vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 ich sp\u00e4\u0165 do pralesa. No hoci sa ich podar\u00ed zachr\u00e1ni\u0165, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch centier, ktor\u00fdch kapacita je nieko\u013ekon\u00e1sobne prekro\u010den\u00e1. Navy\u0161e, mnoh\u00e9 zo zvierat s\u00fa nosite\u013emi r\u00f4znych chor\u00f4b a\u00a0parazitov, tak\u017ee nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na reintrodukciu. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje viacero pokusov o\u00a0n\u00e1vrat jedincov do pralesa, ale miest, kam ich mo\u017eno vypusti\u0165, u\u017e ve\u013ea neost\u00e1va a\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina vypusten\u00fdch zvierat stratila schopnos\u0165 o\u00a0seba sa postara\u0165&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nevznikali pri filmovan\u00ed v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed probl\u00e9my? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nie. (smiech) Trochu som sa hral na \u201eblbe\u010dka\u201c, ktor\u00fd chod\u00ed po krajine s\u00a0atlasom vt\u00e1kov a\u00a0h\u013ead\u00e1 vz\u00e1cny druh, ktor\u00fd t\u00fa\u017ei odfoti\u0165. Mal som stat\u00edv a\u00a0fo\u0165\u00e1k, a\u00a0tak m\u00f4jmu tvrdeniu, \u017ee som ornitol\u00f3g, ka\u017ed\u00fd uveril. Nestretol som sa s\u00a0ni\u010d\u00edm nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm alebo \u017eivot ohrozuj\u00facim, aj ke\u010f je pravda, \u017ee investori ovl\u00e1daj\u00faci palmov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee s\u00fa schopn\u00ed zaplati\u0165 si \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch aktivistov jednoducho odstr\u00e1nia. Ke\u010f sa o\u00a0n\u00e1s dopo\u010duli, u\u017e sme boli pre\u010d, na jednom mieste sme ostali v\u017edy iba p\u00e1r dn\u00ed a\u00a0presunuli sme sa \u010falej.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik5a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2374 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik5a-300x264.jpg\" alt=\"galik5a\" width=\"300\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik5a-300x264.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/galik5a-1024x904.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><strong>Po dvoch mesiacoch ste sa vr\u00e1tili domov a\u00a0pustili sa do strihania&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm bolo d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 problematiku palmov\u00e9ho oleja predstavi\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom, ale\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 som chcel pon\u00faknu\u0165 aj nejak\u00e9 rie\u0161enie. A\u00a0tak hlavn\u00e9 posolstvo dokumentu Zelen\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161\u0165 znie, aby sa \u013eudia vyvarovali kupovania produktov s\u00a0palmov\u00fdm tukom. Je to prv\u00fd krok, aby distrib\u00fatori a\u00a0v\u00fdrobcovia pochopili, \u017ee z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0palmov\u00fd olej kles\u00e1 a\u00a0za\u010dali vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 op\u00e4\u0165 lok\u00e1lne oleje. Bol som pr\u00edjemne prekvapen\u00fd, ako sa t\u00e1to my\u0161lienka r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edrila, a to mi dalo n\u00e1dej, \u017ee \u013eudia nie s\u00fa k\u00a0na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te \u00faplne \u013eahostajn\u00ed. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch i\u00a0na Slovensku prebieha zatia\u013e najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00fd boom okolo palmov\u00e9ho oleja, za\u010dalo sa o\u00a0\u0148om hovori\u0165 v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00e1ch, p\u00ed\u0161u sa \u010dl\u00e1nky a\u00a0uverej\u0148uj\u00fa report\u00e1\u017ee v\u00a0telev\u00edzi\u00e1ch. \u013dudia sa za\u010dali vyh\u00fdba\u0165 v\u00fdrobkom s\u00a0palmov\u00fdm olejom, ba niektor\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia od neho u\u017e upustili &#8211; aj ke\u010f je ich st\u00e1le ako \u0161afranu.<\/p>\n<p>Stane sa napr\u00edklad, \u017ee \u013eudia pridaj\u00fa na internet fotku v\u00fdrobku, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 na obale hrdo nap\u00edsan\u00e9, \u017ee neobsahuje palmov\u00fd olej (Ovsen\u00e1 ka\u0161a od spolo\u010dnosti Emco). To ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed aj pre re\u0161taur\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 oznamom vo v\u00fdklade informuj\u00fa, \u017ee varia bez palmov\u00e9ho oleja (sie\u0165 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdch pra\u017esk\u00fdch re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00ed Potrefen\u00e1 husa). Tak\u00e9to ozna\u010denia s\u00fa v\u0161ak sk\u00f4r v\u00fdnimkou. Preto sa sna\u017e\u00edme presadi\u0165 zavedenie jednotn\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobu certifik\u00e1cie pre re\u0161taur\u00e1cie a\u00a0v\u00fdrobky. V\u00a0bud\u00facnosti by sa tak mohla na v\u00fdrobkoch okrem log \u201ebio\u201c, \u201ebez lepku\u201c, \u201evegan\u201c a podobne objavi\u0165 aj pre\u0161krtnut\u00e1 palma. (Pre zoznam v\u00fdrobkov bez palmov\u00e9ho oleja m\u00f4\u017eete nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 napr\u00edklad str\u00e1nku <a href=\"http:\/\/stoppalmovemuoleji.cz\/bbpo.php\">http:\/\/stoppalmovemuoleji.cz\/bbpo.php<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gabina Weissov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>Simonetta Zalov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>foto Jozef Barinka,\u00a0Michal G\u00e1lik<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Cel\u00fd rozhovor si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 v marcovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2016)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Nekupujte v\u00fdrobky s\u00a0obsahom palmov\u00e9ho oleja! Mo\u017eno sa tak\u00e1to \u010di podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy dostali aj k v\u00e1m &#8211; na Facebooku koluj\u00fa \u010dl\u00e1nky, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1stoj\u010divo vysvet\u013euj\u00fa, pre\u010do palmov\u00fd olej sp\u00f4sobil ekologick\u00fa katastrofu, v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii u\u017e takmer vymizli da\u017e\u010fov\u00e9 pralesy a\u00a0ich vypa\u013eovanie prin\u00e1\u0161a smr\u0165 tamoj\u0161\u00edm zvierat\u00e1m, najm\u00e4 orangutanom. Michal G\u00e1lik, vy\u0161tudovan\u00fd zool\u00f3g so zap\u00e1len\u00fdm srdcom dobrodruha a\u00a0ochrancu pr\u00edrody, mal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2369,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interview","category-marec-2016"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2368"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2375,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368\/revisions\/2375"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}