{"id":3729,"date":"2017-02-09T22:59:51","date_gmt":"2017-02-09T20:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=3729"},"modified":"2017-02-09T23:02:20","modified_gmt":"2017-02-09T21:02:20","slug":"michaela-karsten-pamatova-majsterka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/michaela-karsten-pamatova-majsterka\/","title":{"rendered":"Michaela Karsten &#8211; Pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 majsterka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Predstavte si olympijsk\u00e9 hry, kde namiesto hodu o\u0161tepom pozorujete tabu\u013eu s nekone\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1stupom historick\u00fdch d\u00e1tumov, namiesto akrobacie na hrazde abstraktn\u00e9 obrazce a z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fd \u0161print, pri ktorom sa nap\u00ednaj\u00fa v\u0161etky svaly tela, nahr\u00e1dza nehybn\u00fd v\u00fdkon s\u00fastredenej mysle. Aj takto to vyzeralo na olympi\u00e1de v pam\u00e4\u0165ovom \u0161porte, pri ktorom si viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 majsterka sveta Michaela Karsten tenisky ani funk\u010dn\u00fd softshellov\u00fd dres oblieka\u0165 nemusela. Vy\u0161tudovan\u00e1 lek\u00e1rka z \u010ceska, ktor\u00e1 si vysl\u00fa\u017eila z\u00e1pis do Guinnessovej knihy rekordov, sa v labyrinte mozgov\u00fdch z\u00e1vitov vyzn\u00e1 ako doma a prostredn\u00edctvom tr\u00e9ningov pam\u00e4te men\u00ed \u013eu\u010fom \u017eivot.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3735 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten-200x300.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten.jpg 1476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong>Kedy ste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee m\u00e1te v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>U\u017e na z\u00e1kladnej \u0161kole som bola jednotk\u00e1rka. U\u010denie mi nikdy nesp\u00f4sobovalo probl\u00e9my, vyhr\u00e1vala som matematick\u00e9 aj jazykov\u00e9 olympi\u00e1dy. Po gymn\u00e1ziu som na univerzite \u0161tudovala medic\u00ednu &#8211; odbor, o ktorom sa hovor\u00ed, \u017ee knihy sa tu nepo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa na kusy, ale na kil\u00e1. I\u0161lo o ohromn\u00e9 kvantum inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00edte spracova\u0165 za kr\u00e1tky \u010das, aj toto \u0161t\u00fadium som v\u0161ak zvl\u00e1dala celkom hladko. To bolo pre m\u0148a potvrden\u00edm, \u017ee pam\u00e4\u0165 je moja siln\u00e1 str\u00e1nka. A koncentr\u00e1cia e\u0161te silnej\u0161ia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u013eudia na svet s predpokladmi sta\u0165 sa pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdmi majstrami? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kvalitu pam\u00e4te \u010diasto\u010dne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa g\u00e9ny, ale v\u00fdkony, ktor\u00e9 som podala na r\u00f4znych svetov\u00fdch majstrovstv\u00e1ch, boli v\u00fdsledkom intenz\u00edvneho tr\u00e9ningu a osvojenia si \u0161peci\u00e1lnych pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch techn\u00edk. Tie sa m\u00f4\u017ee nau\u010di\u0165 skuto\u010dne ktoko\u013evek, kto sa pre to rozhodne. Niekomu to p\u00f4jde pomal\u0161ie, niekomu r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd zdrav\u00fd \u010dlovek je toho schopn\u00fd. Bez ich pomoci by som tak\u00e9 extr\u00e9mne vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nikdy nedosiahla.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co bolo rozhoduj\u00facim okamihom, ktor\u00fd v\u00e1s odklonil od zdravotn\u00edctva a\u00a0nasmeroval na kari\u00e9ru pam\u00e4\u0165ovej \u0161portovkyne? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etko sa dialo paralelne s moj\u00edm \u0161t\u00fadiom medic\u00edny. Mozog ma v\u017edy fascinoval &#8211; je to geni\u00e1lny org\u00e1n, centr\u00e1la n\u00e1\u0161ho tela. Videla som tie\u017e, ako r\u00fdchlo sa dok\u00e1\u017ee pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fd v\u00fdkon zlep\u0161i\u0165 a urobilo to na m\u0148a ve\u013ek\u00fd dojem. P\u00fdtala som sa sama seba, \u010di v\u00a0tomto smere existuje nejak\u00fd limit. Na tejto ceste som u\u017e vlastne st\u00e1la, len som v nej pokra\u010dovala.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t ste s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eili v Nemecku, kde ste v tom \u010dase \u0161tudovali jazyk. Ako vyzerala va\u0161a pr\u00edprava?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na nemeck\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 kolo som sa pripravovala zop\u00e1r mesiacov. Pri svetov\u00fdch majstrovstv\u00e1ch v\u0161ak u\u017e i\u0161lo o ve\u013emi intenz\u00edvny ro\u010dn\u00fd tr\u00e9ning, posledn\u00e9 tri mesiace ka\u017edodenn\u00fd. S vtedaj\u0161\u00edm nemeck\u00fdm priate\u013eom G\u00fcntherom, dnes u\u017e man\u017eelom, sme si vytv\u00e1rali r\u00f4zne pr\u00edpravn\u00e9 softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 programy a s ich pomocou sme intenz\u00edvne tr\u00e9novali.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3737 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten1-232x300.jpg\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten1-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten1-768x995.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten1-790x1024.jpg 790w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten1.jpg 1476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong>V\u00e1\u0161 man\u017eel tie\u017e patr\u00ed ku \u0161pi\u010dke v oblasti pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9ho \u0161portu. Ako ste sa spoznali?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Stretla som ho n\u00e1hodou v ly\u017eiarskom are\u00e1li v \u0160pindlerovom Mlyne. Predv\u00e1dzal kr\u00e1tku pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fa uk\u00e1\u017eku &#8211; v ruke dr\u017eal karti\u010dky s \u010d\u00edslami a stavil sa s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi, \u017ee si po zamie\u0161an\u00ed zapam\u00e4t\u00e1 poradie v celom bal\u00ed\u010dku. Hovorila som si, \u017ee v tom bu\u010f bude nejak\u00fd trik, alebo to nedok\u00e1\u017ee. Jemu sa to v\u0161ak podarilo. Aj v\u010faka nemu som objavila pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 techniky a zistila, \u017ee sa v tejto oblasti organizuj\u00fa s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee. Fascinovalo ma to, lebo v \u010cech\u00e1ch o tom neboli dostupn\u00e9 \u017eiadne inform\u00e1cie, a tak som za\u010dala p\u00e1tra\u0165. Potom sme si vymie\u0148ali na\u0161e poznatky z tejto oblasti a stal sa aj moj\u00edm mentorom. No a zn\u00e1mos\u0165 nakoniec prer\u00e1stla do l\u00e1sky a dnes u\u017e m\u00e1me dve dospievaj\u00face deti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Triumfovali ste hne\u010f v prvej s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 kolo v Nemecku som bola aj v\u010faka G\u00fcntherovi nesmierne motivovan\u00e1, ale skon\u010dila som jeden\u00e1sta, \u010do ma poriadne na\u0161tvalo. Chcela som sa \u010falej porovn\u00e1va\u0165 a zlep\u0161ova\u0165, zis\u0165ovala som preto \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017enosti s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eenia. V Lond\u00fdne sa v roku 1999 konala Mind Sport olympi\u00e1da, ktorej s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou boli aj \u010fal\u0161ie ment\u00e1lne s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee, napr\u00edklad v \u0161achu, hre go alebo mindmappingu. Ke\u010f\u017ee discipl\u00edny sa podobali t\u00fdm, ktor\u00e9 som absolvovala v Nemecku, prihl\u00e1sila som sa. A tam pri\u0161li prv\u00e9 \u00faspechy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Z Lond\u00fdna ste si odniesli titul majsterky sveta v pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch schopnostiach, ktor\u00fd ste obh\u00e1jili aj nasleduj\u00face dva roky. Okrem toho ste sa postarali aj o Guinnessov rekord&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bolo to zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 obdobie, nemeck\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 boli fascinovan\u00e9, \u017ee existuje skupina \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pod\u00e1vaj\u00fa tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 v\u00fdkony. P\u00fdtali sa, \u010di sme zdrav\u00ed, testovali n\u00e1s v r\u00e1mci magnetickej rezonancie, kde n\u00e1m zadali r\u00f4zne pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 cvi\u010denia a sledovali, ktor\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 mozgu sa pri ich rie\u0161en\u00ed aktivuje. \u017diadali o rozhovory a v telev\u00edzii pr\u00e1ve vysielali show Hol Dir Die Rekorde! o dosahovan\u00ed Guinnessov\u00fdch rekordov, kam som sa prihl\u00e1sila. Spolu s \u010fal\u0161ou s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiacou z Nemecka sme dostali \u00falohu zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si v priebehu dvoch min\u00fat a v spr\u00e1vnom porad\u00ed \u010do najviac d\u00e1tumov narodenia \u013eud\u00ed n\u00e1hodne vybran\u00fdch z publika. Podarilo sa mi zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si 13 d\u00e1tumov a ke\u010f\u017ee som zv\u00ed\u0165azila, dostala som pozvanie od\u00eds\u0165 do \u0160tokholmu, Lond\u00fdna i Par\u00ed\u017ea s mo\u017enos\u0165ou tento v\u00fdkon e\u0161te prev\u00fd\u0161i\u0165. Pred p\u00e1r rokmi sa v\u0161ak ist\u00e9mu Aziatovi podarilo m\u00f4j rekord prekona\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali ste chu\u0165 ho znova prekona\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme, ale medzit\u00fdm sme sa s G\u00fcntherom vzali, narodila sa n\u00e1m dc\u00e9ra a nesk\u00f4r aj syn. S pam\u00e4\u0165ou s\u00favis\u00ed aj sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 hygiena, ktor\u00e1 sa pri mal\u00fdch de\u0165och \u0165a\u017eko dodr\u017eiava. V tom obdob\u00ed mi ani zn\u00e1mi neurovedci neodpor\u00fa\u010dali s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 a rad\u0161ej som ich posl\u00fachla. Vtedy som sa za\u010dala pohr\u00e1va\u0165 s my\u0161lienkou, \u017ee by mo\u017eno bolo lep\u0161ie pusti\u0165 sa cestou vzdel\u00e1vania a odovzd\u00e1vania svojich sk\u00fasenost\u00ed &#8211; de\u0165om aj dospel\u00fdm. Svoje maxim\u00e1lne \u00faspechy v pam\u00e4\u0165ovom v\u00fdkone som dosiahla, z\u00edskala som aj titul Grand Master v pam\u00e4\u0165ovom \u0161porte, \u010do je podmienen\u00e9 splnen\u00edm troch ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch discipl\u00edn a potom som sa u\u017e ve\u013emi net\u00fa\u017eila p\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 cestou rekordov. Ob\u010das sa s touto my\u0161lienkou e\u0161te pohr\u00e1vam, zatia\u013e v\u0161ak venujem \u010das odovzd\u00e1vaniu sk\u00fasenost\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako sa organizuj\u00fa majstrovstv\u00e1 v pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch technik\u00e1ch, ak\u00e9 \u00falohy ste rie\u0161ili?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1rodn\u00e9 kol\u00e1 trvaj\u00fa dva dni, svetov\u00e9 a\u017e tri. Od r\u00e1na do ve\u010dera sa s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e\u00ed v r\u00f4znych discipl\u00ednach a v r\u00e1mci ka\u017edej b\u00fdva nieko\u013eko pokusov. Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch discipl\u00edn je desa\u0165, s\u00fa to tzv. \u0161printy, potom existuj\u00fa aj dlh\u00e9 discipl\u00edny &#8211; marat\u00f3ny. V \u0161printoch ide napr\u00edklad o zapam\u00e4tanie si samostatn\u00fdch slov, slov v r\u00e1mci textu, \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed, vymyslen\u00fdch historick\u00fdch d\u00e1t, aby nebol nik zv\u00fdhodnen\u00fd znalos\u0165ami z\u00a0oblasti dej\u00edn, tv\u00e1r\u00ed v spojitosti krstn\u00fdmi menami a priezviskami alebo abstraktn\u00fdch obrazov, \u010do je ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 discipl\u00edna. Popri tom sa stret\u00e1vate so zauj\u00edmav\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi, s profesormi neurovedy, \u010do je nesmierne obohacuj\u00face.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ak\u00ed \u013eudia si porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa svoje schopnosti? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00ed sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee sa tu stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa len \u013eudia zo spolku MENSA, teda vysoko inteligentn\u00e9 osoby, ale nie je to tak. Prich\u00e1dzali aj \u013eudia s celkom be\u017en\u00fdm zamestnan\u00edm, ktor\u00ed ve\u013ea tr\u00e9novali, aby si osvojili dan\u00e9 techniky a aj oni na s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiach dosahuj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 prie\u010dky. Treba v\u0161ak poveda\u0165, \u017ee ku \u0161pi\u010dke patrili \u013eudia s IQ nad 130.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ke\u010f pri\u0161lo na v\u00fdsledky, ktor\u00e9 pohlavie \u0165ahalo za dlh\u0161\u00ed povraz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee mu\u017eom je geneticky dan\u00e1 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eivos\u0165, tvorili asi dve tretiny s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiacich, a\u00a0teda vrchn\u00e9 prie\u010dky v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou obsadzovali oni. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eivos\u0165, ba\u00a0u\u00a0niektor\u00fdch aj m\u00e1rnomyse\u013enos\u0165, zohr\u00e1vali ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu. Na s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiach nech\u00fdbali ani \u017eeny a pod\u00e1vali vynikaj\u00face v\u00fdsledky. Po rozhovoroch so s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiacimi m\u00e1m dokonca pocit, \u017ee sme ich ako \u017eeny dosahovali za krat\u0161\u00ed tr\u00e9ningov\u00fd \u010das.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako vyzeral be\u017en\u00fd de\u0148 v obdob\u00ed tr\u00e9ningu na s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po ra\u0148ajk\u00e1ch sme si s man\u017eelom napl\u00e1novali, ktor\u00e9 discipl\u00edny budeme tr\u00e9nova\u0165 (\u010d\u00edseln\u00e9, slovn\u00e9, obrazov\u00e9) a stanovili si presn\u00fd \u010das, kedy. Ke\u010f\u017ee sme s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eili obaja, mohli sme si navz\u00e1jom pripravova\u0165 \u00falohy. Cielene sme tr\u00e9novali asi dve hodiny dopoludnia a \u0161tyri hodiny popoludn\u00ed. Aj telo prech\u00e1dza koncentra\u010dnou krivkou, preto boli prest\u00e1vky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 &#8211; \u010di u\u017e na jedlo, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed by\u0165 spr\u00e1vne skombinovan\u00e9, alebo na \u0161port, aby bol pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fd v\u00fdkon \u010do najlep\u0161\u00ed. Nech\u00fdbala ani medit\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3736 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten2-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten2-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten2-768x1151.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten2-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/karsten2.jpg 1476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/strong><strong>Ukladali sa v\u00e1m inform\u00e1cie pri tr\u00e9ningu do kr\u00e1tkodobej, alebo do dlhodobej pam\u00e4te?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, ke\u010f\u017ee by sme museli definova\u0165, \u010do je kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 a \u010do dlhodob\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165. Niektor\u00ed neurovedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee inform\u00e1cie sa v kr\u00e1tkodobej pam\u00e4ti pohybuj\u00fa okolo 20 sek\u00fand, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee je to nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn a\u017e dn\u00ed. Ja si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017e boli v dlhodobej, lebo aj po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u0148och sme boli schopn\u00ed tieto inform\u00e1cie z pam\u00e4te vytiahnu\u0165. Ke\u010f\u017ee sme ich v\u0161ak potom neopakovali, za\u010dali sa prepada\u0165 do pas\u00edvnej formy. F\u00e1za opakovania toti\u017e mus\u00ed prebehn\u00fa\u0165, aj ke\u010f si osvoj\u00edte pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 techniky. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 vedie\u0165, kedy m\u00e1 \u010dlovek za\u010da\u0165 opakova\u0165 a ko\u013eko \u010dasu do neho investova\u0165, aby sa uskuto\u010dnilo efekt\u00edvne a inform\u00e1ciu pos\u00favalo do akt\u00edvnej formy do dlhodobej pam\u00e4te.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Existuje pri opakovan\u00ed nejak\u00e9 univerz\u00e1lne pravidlo, alebo si ka\u017ed\u00fd mus\u00ed n\u00e1js\u0165 vlastn\u00fd syst\u00e9m?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Opakovanie plat\u00ed pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch, ale kedy mus\u00ed \u010dlovek opakova\u0165, to je ve\u013emi individu\u00e1lne a z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed to aj od stup\u0148a n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti inform\u00e1cie. Ak p\u00f4jde o chemick\u00e9 \u010di matematick\u00e9 vzorce alebo pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 defin\u00edcie, je to n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie, ako pri inform\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, v ktor\u00fdch ide o r\u00fdchle porozumenie. Napr\u00edklad pri cudz\u00edch slov\u00ed\u010dkach treba opakova\u0165 u\u017e po 20 min\u00fatach, zvolen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo slov\u00ed\u010dok na opakovanie je op\u00e4\u0165 individu\u00e1lne. Priemerne odpor\u00fa\u010dam nau\u010di\u0165 sa p\u00e4\u0165 nov\u00fdch slov\u00ed\u010dok za de\u0148, p\u00e4\u0165 dn\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00fd\u017edni.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ak\u00e9 techniky sa v\u00e1m najviac osved\u010dili pri pam\u00e4tan\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva inform\u00e1ci\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladom s\u00fa dve veci. Prvou je logika alebo pseudologika, teda mnou od\u00f4vodnen\u00e1 logika. A tou druhou je nutnos\u0165 pochopi\u0165, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 mozog vn\u00edma inform\u00e1cie vo forme obrazov &#8211; takto ich pam\u00e4\u0165 \u013eah\u0161ie prij\u00edma a uklad\u00e1 na dlh\u0161iu dobu do dlhodobej pam\u00e4te. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je preto h\u013eada\u0165 s\u00favislosti a anal\u00f3gie z be\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota a inform\u00e1cie si v\u017edy aj predstavi\u0165. \u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je aplikova\u0165 techniky pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9ho tr\u00e9ningu. V nich si \u010dlovek osvoj\u00ed, ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sa daj\u00fa cudzie slov\u00e1 alebo in\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie pretv\u00e1ra\u0165 do obrazu, aby sa inform\u00e1cia dostala do dlhodobej pam\u00e4te.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pod\u013ea \u010doho vytv\u00e1rate tieto obrazy? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ak by som v\u00e1m teraz povedala slovo zmrzlina, ur\u010dite v\u00e1m hne\u010f napadne korn\u00fatok a na \u0148om kop\u010deky va\u0161ej ob\u013e\u00fabenej zmrzliny. Ke\u010f v\u00e1m poviem Ferse a nebudete vedie\u0165 po nemecky, tak to pre v\u00e1s bude nepredstavite\u013en\u00fd obraz. Tak\u00fato abstraktn\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu treba previes\u0165 do obrazu a na to existuj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 cesty. Die Ferse znamen\u00e1 v\u00a0nem\u010dine p\u00e4ta, ke\u010f si predstav\u00edte Ferda Mravca, ako ukazuje na p\u00e4tu &#8211; \u201eFerSe &#8211; FERda SE d\u00edv\u00e1 na patu\u201c &#8211; pod\u00e1vam v\u00e1m inform\u00e1ciu \u201ezak\u013e\u00fa\u010dovan\u00fa\u201c cez obraz a v tejto forme ju pon\u00fakam priamo dlhodobej pam\u00e4ti. Tento obraz si potom budete vedie\u0165 v pam\u00e4ti vyvola\u0165 aj nesk\u00f4r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S \u010d\u00edslami a d\u00e1tumami to bude asi komplikovanej\u0161ie&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tam existuje Master System, teda k\u00f3dovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kde sa pod\u013ea stanoven\u00fdch pravidiel prira\u010fuje ku dvoj- alebo trojmiestnym \u010d\u00edslam \u0161peci\u00e1lny pojem, ktor\u00fd je v\u017edy predstavite\u013en\u00fd, teda obraz. Syst\u00e9m je univerz\u00e1lny, slov\u00e1 si vyber\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd individu\u00e1lne, nie v\u0161ak n\u00e1hodne a nesm\u00fa by\u0165 abstraktn\u00e9. Tu u\u017e si \u010dlovek mus\u00ed pom\u00f4c\u0165 knihou alebo semin\u00e1rom, aby pochopil, ako vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165 k\u00f3dovacie pojmy tak, aby sa \u010d\u00edseln\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia pretvorila do obrazu. Pomocou tohto syst\u00e9mu si m\u00f4\u017eete napr\u00edklad v\u00fdborne zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 vstupn\u00e9 k\u00f3dy, PIN \u010d\u00edsla, historick\u00e9 d\u00e1tumy a\u00a0podobne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa sa o pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 techniky aj va\u0161e deti? Vediete ich cielene k tr\u00e9ningu, alebo ich nech\u00e1vate, aby sa rozhodli sami?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Do niektor\u00fdch vec\u00ed ich postrkujeme, pri \u010fal\u0161\u00edch ich nech\u00e1vame, aby sa rozhodli sami. O pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 techniky sa v\u0161ak zauj\u00edmali sam\u00e9. Ob\u010das sa u n\u00e1s objavil telev\u00edzny \u0161t\u00e1b alebo nach\u00e1dzali \u010dl\u00e1nky o mne a man\u017eelovi na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach, a tak chceli vedie\u0165, \u010domu sa vlastne venujeme. Dc\u00e9ra (13) aj syn (11) ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo pri\u0161li na to, \u017ee v\u010faka technik\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu profitova\u0165 v \u0161kole. \u010casto ich vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, ale e\u0161te nes\u00fa\u0165a\u017eia, ke\u010f\u017ee sa intenz\u00edvne venuj\u00fa \u0161portu, kon\u00ed\u010dkom a \u0161kole, ktor\u00e1 je v Nemecku n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Ak raz dospej\u00fa do f\u00e1zy, ke\u010f to bud\u00fa chcie\u0165 sk\u00fasi\u0165 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ene, m\u00f4\u017eeme ich s man\u017eelom sprev\u00e1dza\u0165 ako tr\u00e9neri.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zuzana Zimmermannov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>foto arch\u00edv Michaely Karsten<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Cel\u00fd rozhovor si pre\u010d\u00edtate vo febru\u00e1rovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2017)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Predstavte si olympijsk\u00e9 hry, kde namiesto hodu o\u0161tepom pozorujete tabu\u013eu s nekone\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1stupom historick\u00fdch d\u00e1tumov, namiesto akrobacie na hrazde abstraktn\u00e9 obrazce a z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fd \u0161print, pri ktorom sa nap\u00ednaj\u00fa v\u0161etky svaly tela, nahr\u00e1dza nehybn\u00fd v\u00fdkon s\u00fastredenej mysle. Aj takto to vyzeralo na olympi\u00e1de v pam\u00e4\u0165ovom \u0161porte, pri ktorom si viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 majsterka sveta Michaela Karsten tenisky [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3733,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-februar-2017","category-interview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3729"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3742,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729\/revisions\/3742"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}