{"id":4958,"date":"2017-11-10T10:04:37","date_gmt":"2017-11-10T08:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=4958"},"modified":"2022-01-31T19:34:57","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T17:34:57","slug":"kazan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/kazan\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaza\u0148"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Multietnick\u00e9 centrum Tatarstanu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tat\u00e1ri s\u00fa etnikum turkick\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu, \u017eij\u00face preva\u017ene v\u00a0Rusku, pri\u010dom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z\u00a0nich tvoria sunnitsk\u00ed moslimovia. Kazansk\u00fd chan\u00e1t bol ich v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm centrom v\u00a0stredoveku, a\u017e k\u00fdm si kazansk\u00fdch Tat\u00e1rov v\u00a016. storo\u010d\u00ed nepodmanil rusk\u00fd c\u00e1r Ivan IV. Hrozn\u00fd a\u00a0nasledovala kristianiz\u00e1cia a\u00a0siln\u00fd rusk\u00fd vplyv. Tat\u00e1ri sa mali \u0165a\u017eko aj po\u010das sovietskej \u00e9ry, ke\u010f mnoh\u00e9 rodiny pres\u00eddlili, zbavili majetku,\u00a0odviedli na n\u00faten\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, ak\u00e1ko\u013evek snaha o\u00a0nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 sa pr\u00edsne potla\u010dovala a\u00a0masov\u00e9 \u010distky vyhladili ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 inteligencie. Zmena nastala v\u00a090. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia, ke\u010f po referende vyhl\u00e1sili Tat\u00e1rsku republiku (alebo Tat\u00e1rsko) za jednu z\u00a0republ\u00edk Ruskej feder\u00e1cie. Stopy ne\u013eahkej minulosti skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa dnes u\u017e len m\u00faze\u00e1. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti Kaza\u0148, hlavn\u00e9 mesto Tat\u00e1rska s\u00a03,7 mili\u00f3nmi obyvate\u013eov, \u017eije vo funguj\u00facej a\u00a0mierumilovnej multietnickej symbi\u00f3ze, kde sa ortodoxn\u00e9 chr\u00e1my striedaj\u00fa s\u00a0me\u0161itami. O\u00a0vyjadrenie multikult\u00farnej harm\u00f3nie sa sna\u017e\u00ed aj umiestnenie novej me\u0161ity Kul \u0160arif v\u00a0are\u00e1li kazansk\u00e9ho Krem\u013ea, ktor\u00e1 je n\u00e1hradou za v\u00fdznamn\u00fa me\u0161itu zni\u010den\u00fa po\u010das dob\u00fdvania v\u00a016. storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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M\u00fazeum \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9ho detstva<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0centre Kazane sa nach\u00e1dza M\u00fazeum \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9ho detstva a pon\u00faka retrospekt\u00edvu do 70. a\u00a080. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia. Jedna z\u00a0miestnost\u00ed obsahuje najm\u00e4 detsk\u00e9 oble\u010denie, d\u017e\u00ednsov\u00e9 bundy, top\u00e1nky, \u0161aty, detsk\u00e9 hudobn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a\u00a0plag\u00e1ty z\u00a0\u010dias socializmu. N\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci sa v\u00a0m\u00fazeu aj zabavia, ke\u010f\u017ee vy\u0161e tis\u00edc artefaktov si mo\u017eno nielen pozrie\u0165, ale aj vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 a\u00a0zaspom\u00edna\u0165 pri tom na vlastn\u00e9 detstvo. Druh\u00e1 miestnos\u0165 obsahuje najm\u00e4 hra\u010dky, star\u00e9 b\u00e1biky, ale aj hracie stroje a\u00a0in\u00e9 hry, ktor\u00e9 si mnoh\u00ed z\u00a0n\u00e1s ur\u010dite e\u0161te pam\u00e4taj\u00fa. Milovn\u00edci retra si pr\u00eddu na svoje aj v druhom podobnom m\u00fazeu – M\u00fazeum socialistick\u00e9ho \u017eivota pon\u00faka zauj\u00edmav\u00fa expoz\u00edciu pre mlad\u00fa gener\u00e1ciu aj pre \u201ez\u00e1padniarov\u201c, ktor\u00ed \u00e9ru socializmu neza\u017eili na vlastnej ko\u017ei. Nech\u00fdbaj\u00fa tu sovietske uniformy, propagandistick\u00e9 knihy, \u010dasopisy, obrazy,\u00a0zobrazenia Lenina \u010di Stalina… Na pamiatku si m\u00f4\u017eete k\u00fapi\u0165 bizarn\u00fd suven\u00edr – poldec\u00e1k s\u00a0tv\u00e1rou Lenina za mlada.<\/p>\n

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Kazansk\u00e1 ikona Matky Bo\u017eej<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea legendy ikonu Matky Bo\u017eej priviezli z\u00a0Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu v\u00a013. storo\u010d\u00ed. Pri zalo\u017een\u00ed Kazansk\u00e9ho chan\u00e1tu v\u00a0roku 1438 zmizla a\u00a0odvtedy o\u00a0nej historick\u00e9 pramene dlho neuv\u00e1dzali \u017eiadne zmienky. V\u00a0roku 1579 sa desa\u0165ro\u010dnej Matrione zjavila Panna M\u00e1ria, kr\u00e1tko po tom, ako rozsiahly po\u017eiar zdevastoval ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 Kazane. Mal\u00e9 diev\u010da malo pod\u013ea zjavenia poprosi\u0165 arcibiskupa, aby na mieste po\u017eiaru za\u010dali kopa\u0165 a\u00a0vyh\u013eadali ikonu. Po viacer\u00fdch zjaveniach napokon na jej prosbu privolili a\u00a0ikona sa z\u00e1zra\u010dne na\u0161la. Udiali sa aj mnoh\u00e9 uzdravenia, o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa dozvedel aj c\u00e1r Ivan IV. Hrozn\u00fd. Ten prik\u00e1zal postavi\u0165 chr\u00e1m na oslavu Matky Bo\u017eej. Ikona bola stovky rokov umiestnen\u00e1 v\u00a0kl\u00e1\u0161tore Theotokos v\u00a0Kazani, a\u017e k\u00fdm ju v\u00a0roku 1904 neukradli. Jej osud v\u00a020. storo\u010d\u00ed je pomerne hmlist\u00fd. Povr\u00e1va sa, \u017ee po\u010das 2. svetovej vojny sa Panna M\u00e1ria zjavila metropolitovi Eli\u00e1\u0161ovi a Eli\u00e1\u0161 mal poveda\u0165 Stalinovi, \u017ee Rusko m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zachr\u00e1nen\u00e9 pred por\u00e1\u017ekou Nemeckom, ak prestane prenasledova\u0165 cirkev a\u00a0v\u00a0rusk\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch sa bud\u00fa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 procesie s\u00a0kazanskou ikonou, ktor\u00fa vyzdvihn\u00fa v\u00a0kazanskom chr\u00e1me v Petrohrade. Ak tak urobia, Nemci nikdy neobsadia tri rusk\u00e9 mest\u00e1 – Petrohrad (vtedy Leningrad), Volgograd (vtedy Stalingrad) a\u00a0Moskvu. Ist\u00e9 je, \u017ee ikona sa objavila v\u00a0roku 1953, ke\u010f ju k\u00fapil Angli\u010dan Mitchell-Hedges. T\u00e1 bola bu\u010f origin\u00e1lom, alebo k\u00f3piou origin\u00e1lu. V\u00a0rokoch 1993 – 2004 bola kazansk\u00e1 ikona v\u00a0ruk\u00e1ch p\u00e1pe\u017ea J\u00e1na Pavla II., ktor\u00fd k\u00a0nej prechov\u00e1val ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00factu. V\u00a0roku 2004 bola chv\u00ed\u013eu vystaven\u00e1 v\u00a0Bazilike sv. Petra vo Vatik\u00e1ne, potom ju odviezli do Moskvy a\u00a0napokon sa dostala sp\u00e4\u0165 do Kazane.<\/p>\n

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Z\u00a0Tat\u00e1rskej republiky<\/p>\n

Marta Rajkov\u00e1<\/p>\n

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  Multietnick\u00e9 centrum Tatarstanu Tat\u00e1ri s\u00fa etnikum turkick\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu, \u017eij\u00face preva\u017ene v\u00a0Rusku, pri\u010dom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z\u00a0nich tvoria sunnitsk\u00ed moslimovia. Kazansk\u00fd chan\u00e1t bol ich v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm centrom v\u00a0stredoveku, a\u017e k\u00fdm si kazansk\u00fdch Tat\u00e1rov v\u00a016. storo\u010d\u00ed nepodmanil rusk\u00fd c\u00e1r Ivan IV. Hrozn\u00fd a\u00a0nasledovala kristianiz\u00e1cia a\u00a0siln\u00fd rusk\u00fd vplyv. Tat\u00e1ri sa mali \u0165a\u017eko aj po\u010das sovietskej \u00e9ry, ke\u010f mnoh\u00e9 rodiny pres\u00eddlili, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4960,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metropoly","category-november-2017"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4958"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4967,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4958\/revisions\/4967"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}