{"id":8539,"date":"2021-02-10T11:14:50","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T09:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=8539"},"modified":"2021-02-10T11:16:23","modified_gmt":"2021-02-10T09:16:23","slug":"gondar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/gondar\/","title":{"rendered":"Gondar"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/a>Gondar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mesto Gondar sa nach\u00e1dza na \u00fap\u00e4t\u00ed pohoria Simien v\u00a0severoz\u00e1padnej Eti\u00f3pii a v rokoch 1632 – 1855 bol hlavn\u00fdm mestom Eti\u00f3pie. Svoju kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fa a starobyl\u00fa historick\u00fa eleganciu si zachovalo doposia\u013e, ke\u010f\u017ee tu s\u00eddlilo mnoho cis\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed panovali krajine od 12. storo\u010dia do posledn\u00e9ho desa\u0165ro\u010dia 20. storo\u010dia. Sved\u010dia o tom pozostatky viacer\u00fdch hradov, vr\u00e1tane pamiatok na zozname svetov\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva UNESCO, ako napr\u00edklad pevnos\u0165 Fasil Ghebbi. Eti\u00f3pska r\u00ed\u0161a pokr\u00fdvala geografick\u00fa oblas\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov Eti\u00f3pia a Eritrea, pri\u010dom vznikla zalo\u017een\u00edm \u0161alam\u00fanskej dynastie Jekunom Amlakom pribli\u017ene v roku 1270 a trvala a\u017e do roku 1974. Do roku 1974 bola Eti\u00f3pia (spolu s Japonskom a Ir\u00e1nom) jednou z posledn\u00fdch troch kraj\u00edn na svete, kde vl\u00e1dol ako hlava \u0161t\u00e1tu cis\u00e1r a tie\u017e jedn\u00fdm z m\u00e1la nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov v Afrike. Eti\u00f3pia nebola nikdy kolonizovan\u00e1, hoci Taliansko sa o to dvakr\u00e1t pok\u00fa\u0161alo ( prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t v roku 1887 a potom po 1. svetovej vojne v roku 1935), eti\u00f3psku arm\u00e1du sa nepodarilo porazi\u0165 ani Mussolinimu. Taliansky vplyv je tu v\u0161ak zrete\u013en\u00fd dodnes a jeho \u201epozostatky\u201c mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 hlavne v gastron\u00f3mii a hudbe.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>Ind\u017eera<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kysl\u00fd kvasen\u00fd ploch\u00fd chlieb s p\u00f3rovitou a mierne hubovou text\u00farou, tradi\u010dne vyroben\u00fd z\u00a0teffovej m\u00faky, je neodmyslite\u013enou \u010das\u0165ou eti\u00f3pskej kuchyne ako aj v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny v\u00fdchodoafrick\u00fdch kraj\u00edn. Ind\u017eera sa zvy\u010dajne melie z drobn\u00fdch semien teffu (druh prosa), bohat\u00fdch na \u017eelezo. Ke\u010f\u017ee ide o plodinu s\u00a0n\u00edzkym v\u00fdnosom, je pre priemern\u00fa eti\u00f3psku dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 pomerne drah\u00e1. Ind\u017eera je chlieb a z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj serv\u00edrovac\u00ed tanier. Na ve\u013ek\u00fd kus ind\u017eery sa ulo\u017eia r\u00f4zne dusen\u00e9 m\u00e4s\u00e1, zelenina a\/ alebo \u0161al\u00e1ty a rukou sa trh\u00e1 na \u010dasti, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa namiesto pr\u00edboru. Ind\u017eera sa pripravuje podobne ako palacinky. Tenk\u00e9 cesto sa naleje na varn\u00fa plochu, tradi\u010dne na hlinen\u00fd tanier umiestnen\u00fd nad oh\u0148om (dnes u\u017e aj elektrick\u00fdm spor\u00e1kom). Spodok ind\u017eery zost\u00e1va hladk\u00fd, zatia\u013e \u010do navrchu sa vytv\u00e1ra ve\u013ea p\u00f3rov, \u010do je ide\u00e1lne na \u201enaberanie\u201c dusen\u00fdch pokrmov a om\u00e1\u010dok.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>N\u00e1rodn\u00fd park Simien<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mas\u00edvna er\u00f3zia na eti\u00f3pskej n\u00e1hornej plo\u0161ine v\u00a0priebehu mili\u00f3nov rokov vytvorila jednu z najpozoruhodnej\u0161\u00edch krajinn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed na svete s \u010dlenit\u00fdmi vrcholkami h\u00f4r, hlbok\u00fdmi \u00fadoliami a zubat\u00fdmi bralami klesaj\u00facimi do h\u013abky 1.500 m. N\u00e1rodn\u00fd park Simien m\u00e1 glob\u00e1lny v\u00fdznam pre ochranu biodiverzity, preto\u017ee sa stal domovom ohrozen\u00fdch druhov zvierat, vr\u00e1tane kozoro\u017eca Walia, divej horskej kozy, ktor\u00e1 sa okrem Eti\u00f3pie nenach\u00e1dza nikde inde na svete. Z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch ojedinel\u00fdch zvierat tu mo\u017eno stretn\u00fa\u0165 napr\u00edklad pavi\u00e1na geladsk\u00e9ho \u010di eti\u00f3pskeho vlka. Pozoruhodn\u00e1 scen\u00e9ria pohoria Simien sa pova\u017euje za rivala Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho ka\u0148onu v americkom \u0161t\u00e1te Arizona.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>K\u00e1vov\u00fd obrad<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eti\u00f3psky k\u00e1vov\u00fd obrad je neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou miestneho spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho a kult\u00farneho \u017eivota. Pozvanie na\u0148 sa pova\u017euje za zn\u00e1mku priate\u013estva a \u00facty a je prav\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom eti\u00f3pskej pohostinnosti. Obrad m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 a\u017e nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn a zvy\u010dajne ho vedie mlad\u00e1 \u017eena oble\u010den\u00e1 v tradi\u010dnom eti\u00f3pskom kroji, v bielych \u0161at\u00e1ch s farebn\u00fdmi tkan\u00fdmi okrajmi. Pra\u017eenie k\u00e1vov\u00fdch z\u0155n prebieha na plochej panvici nad mal\u00fdmi pieckami na dreven\u00e9 uhlie, kde sa \u0161tip\u013eav\u00e1 v\u00f4\u0148a uhlia mie\u0161a s opojnou v\u00f4\u0148ou kadidla. T\u00e1to jedine\u010dn\u00e1 spolo\u010densk\u00e1 udalos\u0165 pon\u00faka \u010das na diskusie o komunite, politike, \u017eivote i o tom, kto s k\u00fdm a kde. Ak ste pozvan\u00ed na t\u00fato sl\u00e1vnos\u0165, nezabudnite, \u017ee je neslu\u0161n\u00e9 od\u00eds\u0165, k\u00fdm nevypijete aspo\u0148 tri \u0161\u00e1lky k\u00e1vy, preto\u017ee tretia \u0161\u00e1lka ude\u013euje po\u017eehnanie. Eti\u00f3pska k\u00e1va patr\u00ed k najkvalitnej\u0161\u00edm na svete a prvotriedne zrn\u00e1 arabiky sa na svetov\u00fdch trhoch pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa za najvy\u0161\u0161ie ceny. Miesto k\u00e1vy v eti\u00f3pskom \u017eivote najlep\u0161ie vystihuje star\u00e9 pr\u00edslovie \u201eBuna dabo naw\u201c, \u010do v preklade znamen\u00e1 \u201eK\u00e1va je n\u00e1\u0161 chlieb!\u201c<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

z metropoly Eti\u00f3pie<\/p>\n

Katar\u00edna Lifkov\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Gondar Mesto Gondar sa nach\u00e1dza na \u00fap\u00e4t\u00ed pohoria Simien v\u00a0severoz\u00e1padnej Eti\u00f3pii a v rokoch 1632 – 1855 bol hlavn\u00fdm mestom Eti\u00f3pie. Svoju kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fa a starobyl\u00fa historick\u00fa eleganciu si zachovalo doposia\u013e, ke\u010f\u017ee tu s\u00eddlilo mnoho cis\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed panovali krajine od 12. storo\u010dia do posledn\u00e9ho desa\u0165ro\u010dia 20. storo\u010dia. Sved\u010dia o tom pozostatky viacer\u00fdch hradov, vr\u00e1tane pamiatok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8540,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-februar-2021","category-metropoly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8539"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8546,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8539\/revisions\/8546"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8540"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}