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<\/a>Slovensk\u00e1 neurofyziologi\u010dka Daniela Ostatn\u00edkov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 sa dlh\u00e9 roky venuje v\u00fdskumu autizmu, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee rodi\u010dia det\u00ed s\u00a0autizmom za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa stres ako profesion\u00e1lni vojaci. Je to aj v\u00e1\u0161 pr\u00edpad? \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nVojaci boli spom\u00ednan\u00ed v\u00a0s\u00favislosti so stabilne vysok\u00fdmi hladinami kortizolu v\u00a0krvi. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, rodi\u010d autistick\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a je v\u00a0neust\u00e1lom strehu a\u00a0strese. Kedyko\u013evek toti\u017e m\u00f4\u017ee pr\u00eds\u0165 \u201emeltdown\u201c, v\u00fdbuch, \u00fatok. Deti s\u00a0autizmom \u010dasto zle spia a\u00a0najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie desy a\u00a0boje rodi\u010d za\u017e\u00edva v\u00a0noci. Samozrejme, z\u00e1vis\u00ed to od skuto\u010dnosti, ak\u00e9ho autistu doma m\u00e1te, nie v\u0161etky deti s\u00fa agres\u00edvne. Ja by som na\u0161u situ\u00e1ciu prirovnala k\u00a0dom\u00e1cnosti s\u00a0dvojro\u010dn\u00fdm die\u0165a\u0165om. Neust\u00e1le mus\u00edte vedie\u0165, \u010do rob\u00ed, neust\u00e1le ho m\u00e1te na o\u010diach. Aby nie\u010do nevyparatilo, neubl\u00ed\u017eilo si. Samostatnou kapitolou je n\u00e1\u0161 pohyb vonku, napr\u00edklad na ihrisku. Vtedy som nonstop s\u00a0\u0148ou, aby sa n\u00e1hodou nedostala nechtiac do konfliktu a\u00a0\u201enevypi\u0161\u0165ala\u201c deti z\u00a0hojda\u010diek. Pr\u00edpadne, aby sa hrala v\u00a0piesku opatrnej\u0161ie, lebo vyhadzova\u0165 ho do vzduchu je s\u00edce kr\u00e1sne divadlo, ale ak niekomu popad\u00e1 do o\u010d\u00ed, bude zle. V\u017edy, ke\u010f sa vraciame z\u00a0vych\u00e1dzky alebo n\u00e1v\u0161tevy, som od stresu a\u00a0s\u00fastredenia sa mokr\u00e1 ako my\u0161. Ale izolova\u0165 sa tie\u017e nie je rie\u0161enie, nie, ak chceme deti nau\u010di\u0165 v\u00a0na\u0161om svete fungova\u0165.<\/p>\n
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Ako a\u00a0kde ste na za\u010diatku h\u013eadali inform\u00e1cie o\u00a0autizme? <\/strong><\/p>\nNajprv u klinickej psychologi\u010dky. T\u00e1 si nebola \u00faplne ist\u00e1 a\u00a0poslala n\u00e1s do centra ACVA v\u00a0Bratislave a od nich sme sa n\u00e1sledne dozvedeli v\u0161etko potrebn\u00e9: ako za\u010da\u0165 pracova\u0165, na koho sa obr\u00e1ti\u0165… Chv\u00ed\u013eu sme nav\u0161tevovali aj sedenia s\u00a0logopedi\u010dkou, av\u0161ak budovanie re\u010di u\u00a0Pavl\u00ednky sme na\u0161tartovali a\u017e v\u010faka ABA terapii. Aktu\u00e1lne m\u00e1 v\u0161etku starostlivos\u0165 pod jednou strechou v\u00a0\u0161k\u00f4lke pre deti s\u00a0autizmom. Tam m\u00e1 aj svoje terapie.<\/p>\n
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Ako r\u00fdchlo od podozrenia sa dopracuje rodi\u010d a\u017e k\u00a0diagn\u00f3ze die\u0165atka? <\/strong><\/p>\nM\u00f4\u017ee to trva\u0165 mesiac, ale aj roky. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, ak\u00e9 die\u0165a m\u00e1te, \u010di je autizmus zrejm\u00fd, a\u00a0teda odborn\u00edk si nevyp\u00fdta viac \u010dasu, ale takisto aj od toho, ak\u00e9 m\u00e1te \u0161\u0165astie s\u00a0term\u00ednom diagnostiky. V\u00a0bratislavsk\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch sa vraj u\u017e \u010dak\u00e1 vy\u0161e roka. Vy\u0161e roka \u010dak\u00e1te na to, aby v\u00e1m niekto potvrdil, alebo vyvr\u00e1til, \u010di je va\u0161e die\u0165a \u0165a\u017eko zdravotne postihnut\u00e9. To s\u00fa absurdn\u00e9 a\u00a0krut\u00e9 podmienky. Tak ale na tom, \u017eia\u013e, na Slovensku sme.<\/p>\n
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V\u00a0minulosti bola diagnostika diev\u010dat tak trochu na ved\u013eaj\u0161ej ko\u013eaji, preto\u017ee pod\u013ea neurovedcov autizmus postihuje preva\u017ene chlapcov. Stretli ste sa s\u00a0podobn\u00fdm podhodnocovan\u00edm situ\u00e1cie?<\/strong><\/p>\nNemysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to o\u00a0podhodnocovan\u00ed. St\u00e1le sa o\u00a0autizme ve\u013ea dozved\u00e1me, aj odborn\u00edci st\u00e1le \u0161perkuj\u00fa a\u00a0zdokona\u013euj\u00fa diagnostick\u00e9 postupy, maj\u00fa viac d\u00e1t. Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee ak by odborn\u00edk videl jasn\u00fd autizmus u\u00a0diev\u010da\u0165a, tak ho neuzn\u00e1. Sk\u00f4r ide o\u00a0to, \u017ee diev\u010dat\u00e1 maj\u00fa oproti chlapcom v\u00a0nie\u010dom navrch. Ud\u00e1va sa, \u017ee s\u00fa soci\u00e1lnej\u0161ie, viac odzeraj\u00fa a\u00a0imitovan\u00edm sa tie\u017e u\u010d\u00edme. Preto\u017ee obmedzenia v\u00a0socializ\u00e1cii \u010di absencia napodob\u0148ovania je tie\u017e mo\u017en\u00fdm znakom autizmu. Chlapcov s\u00a0autizmom je viac, to je vedecky podlo\u017een\u00fd fakt. Paradoxne v\u0161ak u diev\u010dat je typickej\u0161ie ment\u00e1lne obmedzenie. V\u00a0nejakom prieskume som sa do\u010d\u00edtala, \u017ee len jedno die\u0165a z\u00a0desiatich Aspergerov je diev\u010da. A\u00a0mo\u017eno je to len t\u00fdm, \u017ee normointelektu\u00e1lne autistick\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1 s\u00a0obstojn\u00fdmi soci\u00e1lnymi schopnos\u0165ami n\u00e1m prosto cez to sito ubzikli…<\/p>\n
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Autizmus sa ned\u00e1 lie\u010di\u0165, rodina v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee autistick\u00e9mu die\u0165atku ve\u013emi pom\u00f4c\u0165. Takisto v\u0161ak mus\u00ed autizmu prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 cel\u00e9 svoje fungovanie. Ako to bolo u\u00a0v\u00e1s? \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nU\u00a0n\u00e1s bol asi najmarkantnej\u0161\u00ed fakt, \u017ee som po trojro\u010dnej materskej a rodi\u010dovskej dovolenke nenast\u00fapila do pr\u00e1ce. A\u00a0vlastne a\u017e teraz, v\u00a0Paul\u00ednkin\u00fdch \u00f4smich rokoch, sa pomaly dost\u00e1vam do re\u00e1lneho pracovn\u00e9ho procesu. Ma\u0165 die\u0165a s\u00a0autizmom a\u00a0naplno vyu\u017ei\u0165 potenci\u00e1l skorej diagnostiky a\u00a0v\u010dasnej intervencie m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 aj toto. Striedanie \u0161k\u00f4lok, pritom v\u00a0ka\u017edej len polde\u0148, doch\u00e1dzanie na terapie, dom\u00e1ca intenz\u00edvna pr\u00e1ca s\u00a0die\u0165a\u0165om, pr\u00edprava pom\u00f4cok… Je to masaker! Plus m\u00e1te druh\u00e9 die\u0165a, man\u017eela, dom\u00e1cnos\u0165. Inak sme sa ve\u013emi sna\u017eili by\u0165 \u010do najviac flexibiln\u00ed. Pauli je od mali\u010dka zvyknut\u00e1 cestova\u0165, chodi\u0165 na n\u00e1v\u0161tevy, medzi \u013eud\u00ed. Miluje jarmoky, vyst\u00fapenia! Na\u0161\u0165astie nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne ritu\u00e1ly alebo trasy, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00edme dodr\u017eiava\u0165, je to zvedav\u00e9,\u00a0akt\u00edvne diev\u010da. Nau\u010dili sme ju dokonca trpezlivo \u010daka\u0165 v\u00a0rade na l\u00edstky \u010di v\u00a0re\u0161taur\u00e1cii. V\u0161etko je to o\u00a0vedomom tr\u00e9ningu, nem\u00f4\u017eete hne\u010f z\u00a0fleku vzia\u0165 bojazliv\u00e9 die\u0165a do Tesca, to ur\u010dite nie. Ale ak tomu bude predch\u00e1dza\u0165 nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov \u010di mesiacov postupn\u00e9ho osme\u013eovania a pr\u00edpravy, raz tam va\u0161e die\u0165a s\u00a0vami p\u00f4jde. A dokonca rado.<\/p>\n
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S\u00farodenci s\u00fa pre deti s\u00a0autizmom ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 osobnosti. Ak\u00fd vz\u0165ah maj\u00fa Poli a\u00a0jej sestra Eli\u0161ka?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\nPuto maj\u00fa siln\u00e9, hoci ich vz\u0165ah je ur\u010dite \u0161pecifick\u00fd. Eli v\u00a0sestre, \u017eia\u013e, nem\u00e1 kamo\u0161ku, s\u00a0ktorou by sa hrala alebo bavila o\u00a0kade\u010dom. Ich vz\u0165ah je zalo\u017een\u00fd na pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed bez slov, prejavuj\u00fa ve\u013ea l\u00e1sky, nehy, ochran\u00e1rskeho pudu. Hoci sa vedia aj poseka\u0165 o\u00a0hra\u010dku alebo dia\u013ekov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1danie, s\u00fa to sestry. M\u00f4\u017ee tam by\u0165 aj sto autizmov, \u013e\u00fabia sa jednozna\u010dne.<\/p>\n
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Ako ste star\u0161iu dc\u00e9ru zahrnuli do starostlivosti o\u00a0Paul\u00ednku? <\/strong><\/p>\nMedzi nimi je vekov\u00fd rozdiel len 21 mesiacov. Eli v\u017edy brala sestru ako b\u00e1bo a\u00a0v\u017edy mi s\u00a0\u0148ou pom\u00e1hala, od prv\u00e9ho d\u0148a, ako sme pri\u0161li z\u00a0p\u00f4rodnice. Mo\u017eno aj preto si sestrine zaost\u00e1vanie v\u0161imla a\u017e ako p\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1, ke\u010f zrazu zistila, \u017ee aj mlad\u0161ie deti od Paul\u00ednky sa s\u00a0\u0148ou hraj\u00fa a\u00a0rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Tak\u00fdmito postupn\u00fdmi krokmi, plus v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00fdmi pom\u00f4ckami vizualiz\u00e1cie (karti\u010dky a\u00a0denn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny) sa \u00faplne pozvo\u013ene a\u00a0prirodzene zozn\u00e1mila so sestrinou inakos\u0165ou. Meno sme tomu dali, a\u017e ke\u010f mala \u00eds\u0165 do \u0161koly. Ak by \u0161la kamo\u0161om a\u00a0pani u\u010dite\u013eke o\u00a0svojej sestre porozpr\u00e1va\u0165, nech vie, ako na to. Odvtedy sa na \u0148u nalepilo kopec \u010fal\u0161\u00edch vedomost\u00ed, je z nej hotov\u00fd terapeut! Je ve\u013ek\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkom star\u00fdm rodi\u010dom – ak diev\u010dat\u00e1 na chv\u00ed\u013eu varuj\u00fa, ovl\u00e1da v\u0161etko, \u010do sestre pom\u00e1ha a\u00a0rozumie jej najlep\u0161ie. O chv\u00ed\u013eu z\u00a0nej bude t\u00edned\u017eerka, ob\u010das u\u017e debatujeme ako seberovn\u00e9! Som \u0161\u0165astn\u00e1, \u017ee ju m\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
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Ako pre\u017e\u00edva Pauli\u00a0vz\u0165ahy, em\u00f3cie, l\u00e1sku? <\/strong><\/p>\nPauli je kontaktn\u00fd, akt\u00edvny autista. Vie sa ja\u0161i\u0165, te\u0161i\u0165, je to vysmiate slnie\u010dko. Ale ak sa hnev\u00e1, tie\u017e to vie prejavi\u0165. Z\u00a0tohto h\u013eadiska by som ve\u013ek\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti oproti sestre nevidela. Paul\u00edna vie by\u0165 \u010dasto ve\u013emi racion\u00e1lna, pokojn\u00e1, aj v\u00a0kr\u00edzov\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, \u010do ma neraz prekvapilo. Samozrejme, prejavy l\u00e1sky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v\u0161akovak\u00e9, ale be\u017ene pr\u00edde, obj\u00edme, d\u00e1 pusinku, rada sa \u0161uchne k\u00a0druh\u00e9mu pod perinu. Zbo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1\u0161ho psa, na \u0148om vis\u00ed skoro st\u00e1le. Medzi prejavy l\u00e1sky r\u00e1tam aj to, \u017ee ak jej nie\u010do spievam, s\u00a0v\u00fdrazom sklaman\u00e9ho pedag\u00f3ga mi pozrie do o\u010d\u00ed a zakryje mi rukou \u00fasta. M\u00e1 ma rada a\u00a0asi ma nechce vidie\u0165 v\u00a0tr\u00e1pnej situ\u00e1cii (smiech).<\/p>\n
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Autistick\u00e9 deti m\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy. Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa tie Paul\u00ednkine? <\/strong><\/p>\nBav\u00ed ju \u010doko\u013evek senzorick\u00e9, teda najm\u00e4 veci stimuluj\u00face vizu\u00e1lny kan\u00e1l. Obr\u00e1zky, fotky, puzzle, vide\u00e1, vyma\u013eov\u00e1nky, svetl\u00e1. Miluje s\u00e9rie vec\u00ed a\u00a0dok\u00e1\u017ee sa nadch\u00fdna\u0165 v\u00a0ukladan\u00ed a\u00a0zora\u010fovan\u00ed t\u00fdchto zbierok do r\u00f4znych obrazcov a\u00a0form\u00e1ci\u00ed. Toto s\u00fa veci, ktor\u00fdmi relaxuje a\u00a0svet, ktor\u00fd ju vidite\u013ene te\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n
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Ako by sme sa mali my, \u010do nem\u00e1me \u017eiadnu osobn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165, spr\u00e1va\u0165 ku\u00a0\u010dloveku s\u00a0autizmom? <\/strong><\/p>\nMenej je viac. Aspo\u0148 za m\u0148a t\u00e1to univerz\u00e1lna rada. Nezahlti\u0165, neza\u010da\u0165 obj\u00edma\u0165 a\u00a0nat\u00edska\u0165 sa do jeho osobn\u00e9ho priestoru. Nehovori\u0165 ve\u013ea a\u00a0r\u00fdchlo, necha\u0165 mu priestor, nech vyh\u013ead\u00e1 on v\u00e1s, ak bude chcie\u0165. Takisto, ak vid\u00edte rodi\u010da a\u00a0jeho pravdepodobne autistick\u00e9 die\u0165a v\u00a0\u0165a\u017ekej chv\u00edli niekde na verejnosti, obr\u00e1\u0165te sa a\u00a0nez\u00edzajte. Tieto situ\u00e1cie b\u00fdvaj\u00fa pre rodi\u010dov n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0posledn\u00e9, \u010do potrebujete je \u201epomoc\u201c cudzieho \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd to mo\u017eno mysl\u00ed dobre, ale vst\u00fapen\u00edm do kr\u00edzovej situ\u00e1cie, m\u00f4\u017ee stav die\u0165a\u0165a e\u0161te zhor\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n
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Gabina Weissov\u00e1<\/p>\n
foto Jana Gombo\u0161ov\u00e1<\/p>\n
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Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok si pre\u010d\u00edtate v marcovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2021)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Naroden\u00edm die\u0165a\u0165a s\u00a0autizmom sa \u017eivot nekon\u010d\u00ed, av\u0161ak treba prizna\u0165, \u017ee sa radik\u00e1lne zmen\u00ed. Rodi\u010dom, s\u00farodencom, babk\u00e1m i\u00a0dedkom. O\u00a0tom, ako vyzeraj\u00fa prv\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky autizmu, ak\u00e9 to je dozvedie\u0165 sa diagn\u00f3zu, \u010d\u00edm si prech\u00e1dza rodina autistick\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a a\u00a0kde h\u013ead\u00e1 pomoc, ke\u010f nevie, \u201ekam z\u00a0konop\u00ed\u201c, ako die\u0165atko v\u00a0autistickom spektre vyrast\u00e1, ako sa u\u010d\u00ed spozn\u00e1va\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161 svet a\u00a0ako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interview","category-marec-2021"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8646"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8654,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8646\/revisions\/8654"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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