{"id":9508,"date":"2021-12-15T10:41:57","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T08:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=9508"},"modified":"2021-12-16T15:50:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T13:50:31","slug":"o-bohoch-a-ludoch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/o-bohoch-a-ludoch\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u00a0bohoch a\u00a0\u013eu\u010foch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Achillova p\u00e4ta, Tantalove muky, Damoklov me\u010d, sizyfovsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, titansk\u00fd \u010din&#8230; \u010do be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 slovn\u00e9 spojenie, to nejak\u00fd starogr\u00e9cky hrdina s\u00a0pr\u00edbehom tak\u00fdm vzru\u0161uj\u00facim a\u00a0dobrodru\u017en\u00fdm, \u017ee by sa za\u0148 nehanbil ani s\u00e1m James Bond. Hoci sa n\u00e1m antick\u00e9 m\u00fdty m\u00f4\u017eu na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zda\u0165 ako fantaskn\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vky o\u00a0rozmarn\u00fdch bohoch a v\u0161ete\u010dn\u00fdch smrte\u013en\u00edkoch, v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti si nimi star\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci, aj ke\u010f s\u00a0pomocou r\u00f4znych bizarn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed a\u00a0ich skutkov, odpovedali na z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky tohto sveta: ako vznikol vesm\u00edr, ak\u00fd je zmysel \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota&#8230; Franc\u00fazsky filozof Luc Ferry sa sna\u017e\u00ed o\u00a0strhuj\u00faci v\u00fdklad t\u00fdchto m\u00fdtov a\u00a0zo z\u00e1bavnej\u00a0b\u00e1jky vyl\u00fapnu\u0165 jej hlb\u0161\u00ed filozofick\u00fd obsah. Z\u00a0jeho knihy Gr\u00e9cke m\u00fdty vyber\u00e1me (nielen) \u0161tyroch antick\u00fdch hrdinov, v\u00a0pr\u00edbehoch ktor\u00fdch sa d\u00e1 n\u00e1js\u0165 nejedno pou\u010denie aj pre n\u00e1\u0161 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd \u017eivot. \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/s-474_u-Arnold_Bocklin_-_Odysseus_and_Polyphemus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9509 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/s-474_u-Arnold_Bocklin_-_Odysseus_and_Polyphemus-300x130.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"318\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/s-474_u-Arnold_Bocklin_-_Odysseus_and_Polyphemus-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/s-474_u-Arnold_Bocklin_-_Odysseus_and_Polyphemus-768x332.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/s-474_u-Arnold_Bocklin_-_Odysseus_and_Polyphemus.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 318px) 100vw, 318px\" \/><\/a>Odyseova p\u00fa\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Osoby a\u00a0obsadenie: <\/strong>Odyseus, kr\u00e1\u013e Ithaky, hrdina tr\u00f3jskej vojny.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kedy hovor\u00edme o\u00a0odysei: <\/strong>Ke\u010f niekoho cesta bola nekone\u010dne dlh\u00e1, bludn\u00e1 a\u00a0strastipln\u00e1, v\u00a0lep\u0161om pr\u00edpade naplnen\u00e1 pestr\u00fdmi dobrodru\u017estvami. Aj \u013eudsk\u00fd \u017eivot m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ako odysea, pln\u00fd r\u00f4znych prek\u00e1\u017eok, ktor\u00e9 treba zdola\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O\u00a0\u010dom hovor\u00ed m\u00fdtus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nie je to len m\u00fdtus, je to cel\u00fd epos, a\u00a0riadne objemn\u00fd, dokopy 12.111 ver\u0161ov zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00facich dobrodru\u017estv\u00e1 tohto mu\u017ea \u201etis\u00edcich \u013est\u00ed a\u00a0\u00faskokov\u201c, ako ho naz\u00fdva b\u00e1snik Hom\u00e9r. Odyseus je pod\u013ea Hom\u00e9ra tie\u017e \u201ebo\u017esk\u00fd\u201c, \u201echrabr\u00fd, \u201eumn\u00fd\u201c, \u201enezmarn\u00fd hrdina\u201c. Bez jeho m\u00fadrosti a\u00a0pref\u00edkanosti by nepadla Tr\u00f3ja, to on svojim druhom v\u00a0boji navrhol, aby pod r\u00fa\u0161kom obety bohom zostrojili dreven\u00e9ho ko\u0148a, ukryli sa v\u00a0jeho bruchu a\u00a0v\u00a0noci za\u00fato\u010dili na ni\u010d netu\u0161iacich Tr\u00f3janov. \u010co v\u0161ak Odyseus zak\u00fasil, vracaj\u00fac sa z desa\u0165ro\u010dnej tr\u00f3jskej vojny do rodnej Ithaky, by vydalo na desa\u0165 \u017eivotov. Cesta domov za milovanou man\u017eelkou a\u00a0synom mu trvala \u010fal\u0161\u00edch desa\u0165 rokov a\u00a0bola pln\u00e1 strast\u00ed, r\u00f4znych prek\u00e1\u017eok, \u00faskal\u00ed a\u00a0sk\u00fa\u0161ok. Odyseovi, ako ka\u017ed\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vnemu ak\u010dn\u00e9mu hrdinovi, nie raz ide o\u00a0krk, ve\u010f u\u017e pri prvej zast\u00e1vke jeho lo\u010fstva u\u00a0Kikonov pri\u0161lo o\u00a0\u017eivot nieko\u013eko jeho druhov. O\u00a0chlp sa im podarilo unikn\u00fa\u0165 z ostrova Lotof\u00e1gov, bytost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa \u017eivia l\u00f3tosom. Kto ho ochutn\u00e1, zabudne na v\u0161etko: k\u00fdm je, odkia\u013e prich\u00e1dza a\u00a0kam smeruje, zostane mu jedin\u00e1 t\u00fa\u017eba: nav\u017edy sa len k\u0155mi\u0165 l\u00f3tosom. Nasleduje rozpr\u00e1vanie o\u00a0Kyklopoch, \u201espupn\u00fdch a\u00a0div\u00fdch\u201c obroch s\u00a0jedn\u00fdm okom v\u00a0strede \u010dela. Odyseus sa stretne s\u00a0Kyklopom Polyf\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fd hne\u010f zo\u017eerie viacero jeho priate\u013eov a\u00a0zvy\u0161ok v\u00fdpravy uv\u00e4zn\u00ed v\u00a0jaskyni. Bystr\u00fd Odyseus v\u0161ak Kyklopovi prejde cez rozum: pon\u00fakne mu siln\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 v\u00edno a\u00a0ke\u010f sa spit\u00fd Polyf\u00e9mos p\u00fdta, ako sa vol\u00e1,\u00a0pre\u0161iban\u00fd Odyseus odpoved\u00e1, \u017ee jeho meno je Nikto. Potom vraz\u00ed Polyf\u00e9movi \u0161picat\u00fd k\u00f4l do oka,\u00a0oslep\u00ed ho a ke\u010f Kyklop zvol\u00e1va bratov na pomoc, kri\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee mu ubl\u00ed\u017eil Nikto&#8230; Po tomto dobrodru\u017estve u\u017e sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fatrap\u00e1m je koniec, brehy rodnej Ithaky s\u00fa na doh\u013ead, Odyseus v\u0161ak od \u00fanavy zasp\u00ed, ale to nemal robi\u0165: jeho v\u0161ete\u010dn\u00ed druhovia otvoria mech, v\u00a0ktorom s\u00fa uviazan\u00e9 zl\u00e9 vetry. Rozp\u00fata sa peklo a v\u00edchrica za\u017eenie Odyseove lode k\u00a0Laistrig\u00f3nom, a\u00a0to u\u017e Hom\u00e9r opisuje \u010fal\u0161iu hororov\u00fa historku, ako si t\u00edto \u013eudo\u017erav\u00ed obri n\u00e1morn\u00edkov napichovali na ra\u017ee\u0148 a\u00a0opekali k\u00a0ve\u010deri. Jedine lo\u010f s\u00a0opatrn\u00fdm Odyseom, ktor\u00fd sa rozhodol vy\u010dka\u0165 v\u00a0z\u00e1toke, sa zachr\u00e1ni. U\u00a0\u010darodejnice Kirk\u00e9 hrdina str\u00e1vi rok. Kirk\u00e9 ho s\u00edce denne k\u00fape,\u00a0natiera vonn\u00fdmi mas\u0165ami a nap\u00e1ja lahodn\u00fdm v\u00ednom, no Odyseus mysl\u00ed len na svoju \u017eenu,\u00a0syna a rodn\u00fa vlas\u0165. K\u00fdm sa op\u00e4\u0165 vyd\u00e1 na cestu, mus\u00ed zost\u00fapi\u0165 do podsvetia za slep\u00fdm ve\u0161tcom Teiresi\u00e1som, aby mu ten zjavil cestu domov. R\u00ed\u0161u m\u0155tvych ob\u00fdvaj\u00fa tiene bez tv\u00e1re, s\u00fa to len obrazy zomret\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch o\u010di zviera sp\u00e1nok smrti, bytosti \u201epodobn\u00e9 noci\u201c. Odyseus sa v podsvet\u00ed stretne s\u00a0najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi hrdinami tr\u00f3jskej vojny, Achilleom i Agamemnonom, ale obaja, ke\u010f ich oslov\u00ed, iba hlboko vzdychaj\u00fa, zjavne ich ve\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot v\u00f4bec nete\u0161\u00ed. Po stretnut\u00ed s Teiresi\u00e1som prch\u00e1 z\u00a0podsvetia pre\u010d a podar\u00ed sa mu zdola\u0165 aj ostrov v\u00e1biv\u00fdch Sir\u00e9n, ktor\u00fdch zvodn\u00fd spev l\u00e1ka n\u00e1morn\u00edkov do zradn\u00fdch morsk\u00fdch v\u00edrov. Odyseus svojim druhom zalep\u00ed u\u0161i voskom a\u00a0on s\u00e1m sa d\u00e1 pevne sp\u00fata\u0165, aby Sir\u00e9ny po\u010dul, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa pred nimi zachr\u00e1nil. Unikne aj dvom morsk\u00fdm oblud\u00e1m Skylle a\u00a0Charybde, no padne do os\u00eddiel \u010fal\u0161ej femme fatale. Nymfa Kalyps\u00f3 \u201es\u00a0vrko\u010dmi kr\u00e1snymi\u201c je n\u00e1dhern\u00e1 a\u00a0\u017eivot s\u00a0\u0148ou prech\u00e1dza rajskou z\u00e1hradou, napriek tomu ve\u010der \u010do ve\u010der dlh\u00fdch sedem rokov sed\u00e1va Odyseus na skale nad morom a vyzer\u00e1 rodn\u00fa Ithaku, \u201eslzami, stenan\u00edm \u017eia\u013enym a\u00a0b\u00f4\u013eom si rozr\u00fdva srdce\u201c. Kalyps\u00f3 je zamilovan\u00e1 po u\u0161i, svojho mil\u00e9ho si chce ponecha\u0165 nav\u017edy, a\u017e musia zasiahnu\u0165 bohovia. T\u00ed nymfe prik\u00e1\u017eu, aby hrdinu z\u00a0vojny o\u00a0Tr\u00f3ju kone\u010dne vypravila na cestu domov&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Filozofick\u00fd presah Odyseov\u00fdch dobrodru\u017estiev<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pred vojnou, k\u00fdm \u017eil v Ithake, Odyseov \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd domov bol pln\u00fd harm\u00f3nie, mieru a l\u00e1sky, kde v\u0161etko malo svoje miesto a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd vedel, kam patr\u00ed. Akoby sa v\u00a0tomto k\u00fasku sveta zrkadlil cel\u00fd Kozmos, ktor\u00fd Zeus, vl\u00e1dca bohov, po dlh\u00fdch bojoch nastolil z\u00a0Chaosu. Slovom kozmos, na rozdiel od n\u00e1\u0161ho dne\u0161n\u00e9ho ch\u00e1pania, starovek\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci ozna\u010dovali poriadok sveta. V\u00a0hlb\u0161ej rovine je teda Odyseova cesta n\u00e1vratom sp\u00e4\u0165 od ni\u010div\u00e9ho chaosu (ktor\u00fd predstavuje vojna) k\u00a0usporiadan\u00e9mu kozmu. Preto ak sa m\u00e1 udr\u017ea\u0165 poriadok sveta, mus\u00ed Odyseus op\u00e4tovne n\u00e1js\u0165 seba a svoje miesto vo svojom \u017eivote a\u00a0svete. K\u00fdm sa tak stane, osud mu do cesty prihr\u00e1 mno\u017estvo n\u00e1strah, pri\u010dom takmer v\u0161etky maj\u00fa jedn\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho menovate\u013ea: zabudnutie. U\u017e u\u00a0Lotof\u00e1gov Odyseovi hroz\u00ed, \u017ee zabudne na zmysel svojho putovania &#8211; ak by \u013eahkov\u00e1\u017ene pod\u013eahol sladk\u00e9mu m\u00e1meniu, chuti l\u00f3tosu. Formou zabudnutia je i\u00a0sp\u00e1nok, preto Odyseus mus\u00ed zosta\u0165 ostra\u017eit\u00fd, s\u00a0o\u010dami na stopk\u00e1ch, lebo v\u017edy, ke\u010f zasp\u00ed, zosype sa na\u0148 nejak\u00e1 pohroma. Pokia\u013e Odyseus aj prechov\u00e1val nejak\u00fa n\u00e1dej v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot, po n\u00e1v\u0161teve r\u00ed\u0161e m\u0155tvych z\u00a0nej ur\u010dite vytriezvel &#8211; na rozdiel od predstavy kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho raja, v\u00a0ot\u00e1zke \u017eivota po smrti Hom\u00e9rovi Gr\u00e9ci nepodliehali \u017eiadnym ve\u013ek\u00fdm il\u00fazi\u00e1m. Odyseus v\u00a0podsvet\u00ed stretne i svoju matku, \u010do zomrela \u017eia\u013eom za n\u00edm, ke\u010f odi\u0161iel do vojny. Chce ju vzia\u0165 do n\u00e1ru\u010dia, prit\u00fali\u0165 si ju na hru\u010f, av\u0161ak: \u201eTrikr\u00e1t som vztiahol k\u00a0nej ruky, ale trikr\u00e1t som objal len pr\u00e1zdno,\u201c lebo, citujeme Hom\u00e9ra, \u201ehne\u010f potom, jak \u017eivot opust\u00ed biele kosti,\u00a0du\u0161a odlet\u00ed pre\u010d s\u0165a vidina vo sne\u201c. Z\u00a0\u013eud\u00ed z\u00a0m\u00e4sa a\u00a0kost\u00ed sa po smrti stali len m\u00e1to\u017en\u00e9 tiene, m\u0155tvi stratili svoje ja, svoju \u013eudsk\u00fa identitu. Preto sa Achilleus v\u00a0podsvet\u00ed ned\u00e1 ut\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 vo svojom \u017eiali, ke\u010f mu Odyseus pripom\u00edna hrdinsk\u00e9 \u010diny, ktor\u00e9 ho robia nesmrte\u013en\u00fdm: \u201eLen mi ty neskr\u00e1\u0161\u013euj smr\u0165, nie, neskr\u00e1\u0161\u013euj, Odyseus skvel\u00fd!\u201c narieka Achilleus. \u201eChcel by som rad\u0161ej s\u0165a n\u00e1denn\u00fd robotn\u00edk pracova\u0165 v\u00a0poli \/ u mu\u017ea s\u00a0majetkom mal\u00fdm, kde nieto hojnosti jedla, \/ ako by\u0165 vl\u00e1dcom tu nad tie\u0148mi v\u0161etk\u00fdch zomret\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.\u201c In\u00fdmi slovami, Achilleus by rad\u0161ej bol posledn\u00fd zo \u017eiv\u00fdch ako prv\u00fd medzi m\u0155tvymi&#8230; Pou\u010den\u00fd aj touto sk\u00fasenos\u0165ou Odyseus odmietne Kalyps\u00f3, ktor\u00e1 mu, ak s\u00a0\u0148ou zostane, pon\u00fakne nesmrte\u013enos\u0165. Sprav\u00edm z\u00a0teba nesmrte\u013en\u00e9ho Boha, nahov\u00e1ra ho Kalyps\u00f3, on v\u0161ak u\u017e vie, \u017ee ak by sa tak stalo, prestal by by\u0165 \u010dlovekom, sam\u00fdm sebou, mu\u017eom svojho mena, pri\u0161iel by o svoj domov i P\u00e9nelop\u00e9, ktor\u00e1 verne \u010dak\u00e1 na jeho n\u00e1vrat.<\/p>\n<p>Odyseus net\u00fa\u017ei po nesmrte\u013enosti, on chce \u201eiba\u201c dobr\u00fd \u017eivot. V\u00a0tomto poznan\u00ed sa skr\u00fdva najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia filozofick\u00e1 m\u00fadros\u0165 cel\u00e9ho jeho pr\u00edbehu, p\u00ed\u0161e Luc Ferry. \u017di\u0165 dobr\u00fd \u017eivot znamen\u00e1 n\u00e1js\u0165 svoje miesto vo vesm\u00edre, v\u00a0pr\u00edpade Odysea doslovne (vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa do Ithaky) i\u00a0v\u00a0prenesenom v\u00fdzname &#8211; pochopi\u0165, kam patr\u00edm, zmieri\u0165 sa so svojou smrte\u013enos\u0165ou a\u00a0\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00fdm okamihom. Lebo minulos\u0165 (Kde\u017ee s\u00fa tie \u010dasy!) n\u00e1s oklie\u0161\u0165uje a\u00a0s\u0165ahuje sp\u00e4\u0165, bud\u00facnos\u0165, ak sa k\u00a0nej pr\u00edli\u0161 up\u00edname (Raz bude lep\u0161ie!) v\u00a0n\u00e1s zasa \u017eiv\u00ed zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 il\u00fazie. Obe tieto formy \u010dasu s\u00fa formami ne-bytia (minulos\u0165 u\u017e nie je a\u00a0bud\u00facnos\u0165 e\u0161te nie je), jedin\u00fdm skuto\u010dn\u00fdm byt\u00edm je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165. A\u017e ke\u010f sa Odyseus vr\u00e1ti tam, kam patr\u00ed, ako puzzle zapadne jeho \u017eivot do kozmick\u00e9ho poriadku sveta a\u00a0on op\u00e4\u0165 za\u010dne \u017ei\u0165 v\u00a0pr\u00edtomnosti, a\u017e vtedy m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd. Stane sa: po strastiplnej ceste n\u00e1\u0161 hrdina zakotv\u00ed v Ithake a\u00a0ke\u010f sa kone\u010dne s\u00a0milovanou Pen\u00e9lop\u00e9 odoberie na l\u00f4\u017eko, bohovia spomalia \u010das, aby si man\u017eelia mohli vychutna\u0165 dlh\u00fa noc l\u00e1sky a\u00a0te\u0161i\u0165 sa zo vz\u00e1jomnej pr\u00edtomnosti. Luc Ferry aj v\u00a0tomto poetickom z\u00e1vere\u010dnom obraze nach\u00e1dza hlbok\u00fd filozofick\u00fd zmysel: \u201eM\u00fadry je ten, kto je schopn\u00fd pob\u00fdva\u0165 v\u00a0pr\u00edtomnosti tak, akoby to bola ve\u010dnos\u0165.\u201c<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-126_Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-9529\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-126_Gowy-icaro-prado-278x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-126_Gowy-icaro-prado-278x300.jpg 278w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-126_Gowy-icaro-prado-948x1024.jpg 948w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-126_Gowy-icaro-prado-768x830.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-126_Gowy-icaro-prado.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/a>Ikarov p\u00e1d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Osoby a\u00a0obsadenie: <\/strong>Otec a\u00a0syn. At\u00e9nsky stavite\u013e Daidalos a\u00a0jeho pochab\u00fd syn Ikaros.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kedy hovor\u00edme o\u00a0Ikarovom p\u00e1de: <\/strong>Ke\u010f uva\u017eujeme o\u00a0tom, ako dopadne \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd chce nasilu prekro\u010di\u0165 svoj tie\u0148, ke\u010f ho nedisciplinovanos\u0165 a\u00a0p\u00fdcha strhn\u00fa z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161in na tvrd\u00fa zem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O\u00a0\u010dom hovor\u00ed m\u00fdtus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O\u00a0neposlu\u0161nom synovi a\u00a0mlad\u00edckej nerozv\u00e1\u017enosti. O\u00a0odvekej t\u00fa\u017ebe \u010dloveka lieta\u0165, ale i\u00a0o\u00a0tom, \u017ee \u010dlovek nie je vt\u00e1k. Nem\u00f4\u017ee prekr\u00faca\u0165 z\u00e1kony pr\u00edrody, ako sa mu zachce. O\u00a0t\u00fa\u017ebe \u010dloveka podoba\u0165 sa bohom a\u00a0o\u00a0jeho arogantnej dom\u00fd\u0161\u013eavosti, \u017ee na to m\u00e1&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fdtus o\u00a0Ikarovi pozn\u00e1 sn\u00e1\u010f ka\u017ed\u00fd. Jeho otec Daidalos zostrojil sebe a\u00a0synovi kr\u00eddla z \u201ekrehk\u00fdch vt\u00e1\u010d\u00edch pier\u201c, aby mohli utiec\u0165 z\u00a0ostrova Kr\u00e9ta sp\u00e4\u0165 do At\u00e9n. Na Kr\u00e9te Daidalos pob\u00fdval v\u00a0slu\u017eb\u00e1ch kr\u00e1\u013ea Min\u00f3sa, aby pre netvora Min\u00f3taura, napoly \u010dloveka napoly b\u00fdka, vybudoval skr\u00fd\u0161u. Geni\u00e1lny stavite\u013e Daidalos sa pustil do pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0postavil labyrint, obrovsk\u00e9 bludisko, z\u00a0ktor\u00e9ho niet \u00faniku. B\u00e1snik Ov\u00eddius vo svojich Premen\u00e1ch o\u00a0tom p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201ev\u00a0srdci mocnej Kr\u00e9ty \/ bludisko zbudoval, v\u00a0\u0148om to\u013eko r\u00f4znych ciel \/ i\u00a0chodieb spletit\u00fdch, \u017ee ledva z\u00a0tejto spleti &#8211; \/ ledva z\u00a0nej vyplietol sa i\u00a0s\u00e1m stavite\u013e\u201c. Min\u00f3s na ostrove v\u00e4zn\u00ed nielen obludu, ale aj stavite\u013ea, nebude predsa riskova\u0165, \u017ee Daidalos niekomu prezrad\u00ed, \u201eako von z\u00a0krut\u00e9ho bludiska\u201c. Daidalos sa v\u0161ak nevzd\u00e1va a\u00a0ke\u010f\u017ee m\u00e1 bystr\u00fd um, pozorne sk\u00famaj\u00fac z\u00e1konitosti pr\u00edrody, rozhodne sa napodobni\u0165 let vt\u00e1kov &#8211; pierko s pierkom sp\u00e1ja a\u00a0voskom ich zospodu zliepa, formuj\u00fac pritom tvar vt\u00e1\u010d\u00edch perut\u00ed. Ikaros je cel\u00fd vzru\u0161en\u00fd, nedo\u010dkav\u00fd, za chv\u00ed\u013eu bude lieta\u0165, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nie\u010do \u00fa\u017easnej\u0161ie? Otec ho ale po\u00fa\u010da: \u201eUprostred, syn m\u00f4j, le\u0165! Bo, ak sa vznesie\u0161 v\u00fd\u0161, v\u00fd\u0161 k\u00a0slnku jasn\u00e9mu, ti kr\u00eddla ohe\u0148 sp\u00e1li, voda ich za\u0165a\u017ek\u00e1, ak n\u00edzko polet\u00ed\u0161&#8230;\u201c Ikaros pritak\u00e1va, ale popravde, otcove slov\u00e1 mu id\u00fa jedn\u00fdm uchom dnu a\u00a0druh\u00fdm von a\u00a0u\u017e let\u00ed, st\u00fapa st\u00e1le vy\u0161\u0161ie a vy\u0161\u0161ie, pod p\u00e1liacim\u00a0 slnkom sa vosk rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a a&#8230;\u00a0\u201eprudk\u00e1 slas\u0165 sa skoro zmen\u00ed v\u00a0p\u00e1d\u201c. Biedny Ikaros sa e\u0161te chv\u00ed\u013eu sna\u017e\u00ed m\u00e1va\u0165 hol\u00fdmi rukami, k\u00fdm sa nadobro zr\u00fati do hlb\u00edn, zostane po \u0148om k\u00f4pka peria na morskej hladine&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Filozofick\u00fd presah Ikarovho p\u00e1du<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ako m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 bohovia tak\u00ed krut\u00ed a\u00a0otcovi zobra\u0165 jedin\u00e9ho syna? \u010co tak\u00e9 vykonal ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd Daidalos, \u017ee na seba privodil hnev bohov? Nu\u017e, spravodliv\u00ed bohovia mu schystali stra\u0161n\u00fa pomstu, lebo on s\u00e1m zhre\u0161il. Ohrozil kozmick\u00fd poriadok, mus\u00ed by\u0165 potrestan\u00fd &#8211; s\u00e1m toti\u017e m\u00e1 na svojich ruk\u00e1ch krv&#8230; Daidalos je v\u0161eumelec. Nie\u010do ako Leonardo da Vinci staroveku. Vyzn\u00e1 sa vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch remesl\u00e1ch, rozl\u00fa\u0161ti ka\u017ed\u00fa (technick\u00fa) h\u00e1danku, postav\u00ed a zmajstruje \u010doko\u013evek, je to g\u00e9nius. Ale m\u00e1 temn\u00fa, zlomyse\u013en\u00fa, neprajn\u00fa povahu. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e Luc Ferry, na Daidala sa dokonale hod\u00ed latinsk\u00e9 pr\u00edslovie: \u201eCorruption optimi pessima\u201c (Zvr\u00e1tenos\u0165 najlep\u0161\u00edch je najhor\u0161ia.) Daidalos je vrah. Aj on niekomu zobral to najcennej\u0161ie: die\u0165a. Podlo zavra\u017ed\u00ed syna svojej sestry, mlad\u00e9ho Tal\u00f3sa, ktor\u00fd svojou vynaliezavos\u0165ou (talent maj\u00fa zrejme v\u00a0rodine) konkuruje str\u00fdkovi. Ke\u010f nadan\u00fd Tal\u00f3s vyn\u00e1jde hrn\u010diarsky kruh a\u00a0e\u0161te k\u00a0tomu aj kovov\u00fa p\u00edlku, Daidalos od \u017eiarlivosti chlapca zhod\u00ed z\u00a0hradieb Akropoly. At\u00e9nsky s\u00fad vynesie nad vrahom rozsudok &#8211; vyobcuje ho z\u00a0mesta. Daidalos ute\u010die na Kr\u00e9tu, kde ho prich\u00fdli kr\u00e1\u013e Min\u00f3s. Namiesto v\u010faky v\u0161ak kon\u0161piruje aj proti svojmu dobrodincovi. Najsk\u00f4r zostroj\u00ed dreven\u00fa kravu, \u010d\u00edm pom\u00f4\u017ee Min\u00f3sovej man\u017eelke k\u00a0nevere: t\u00e1 vo\u00a0zvr\u00e1tenej t\u00fa\u017ebe chce obcova\u0165 s\u00a0ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm b\u00fdkom svojho man\u017eela a\u00a0v\u010faka Daidalovej pomoci sa jej to podar\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkom ich splynutia je Min\u00f3tauros. Potom na ostrov pripl\u00e1va hrdina Th\u00e9seus, aby zabil Min\u00f3taura a Daidalos prezrad\u00ed Min\u00f3sovej dc\u00e9re, kr\u00e1snej Ariadne, ako vyviaznu\u0165 z\u00a0labyrintu. Ariadna d\u00e1 Th\u00e9seovi ni\u0165, ktor\u00fa bude kr\u00e1\u010daj\u00fac do \u00fatrob labyrintu postupne odmot\u00e1va\u0165 a na ceste sp\u00e4\u0165 zasa nav\u00edja\u0165. Th\u00e9seus po\u010d\u00favne Ariadninu radu, netvora zabije a\u00a0aj s\u00a0diev\u010dinou ute\u010die z\u00a0ostrova. Min\u00f3s je od z\u00farivosti cel\u00fd bez seba, najprv man\u017eelka, teraz dc\u00e9ra, v\u00a0tom m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 prsty iba Daidalos! H\u013ead\u00e1 ho po celej Kr\u00e9te, aby mu vrazil d\u00fdku do srdca, len\u017ee to u\u017e Daidalos so synom vzlieta k\u00a0oblakom&#8230; Daidalos s\u00edce unikne Min\u00f3sovi, neunikne v\u0161ak spravodlivosti v\u0161emocn\u00fdch bohov&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-170_Rubens_-_Prometheus_Bound.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-9510\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-170_Rubens_-_Prometheus_Bound-260x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-170_Rubens_-_Prometheus_Bound-260x300.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-170_Rubens_-_Prometheus_Bound-886x1024.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-170_Rubens_-_Prometheus_Bound-768x887.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-170_Rubens_-_Prometheus_Bound.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/a>Prom\u00e9theov \u010din<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Osoby a\u00a0obsadenie: <\/strong>Prom\u00e9theus bol Tit\u00e1n, potomok matky zeme Gaie a<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>boha \u00darana. Spod Diovho trestu ho po dvan\u00e1stich gener\u00e1ci\u00e1ch oslobodil Herakles, ke\u010f zastrelil orla, ktor\u00fd mu ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 zob\u00e1kom k\u013euval pe\u010de\u0148.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kedy hovor\u00edme o\u00a0prom\u00e9theovskom \u010dine: <\/strong>Ke\u010f chceme zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee ktosi vykonal \u010dosi ve\u013ek\u00e9, gigantick\u00e9, odv\u00e1\u017ene a\u00a0hrdinsk\u00e9. \u017de sa vzb\u00faril proti stanoven\u00e9mu poriadku a postavil vo\u010di vy\u0161\u0161ej moci: niekedy a\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161 tr\u00fafalo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O\u00a0\u010dom hovor\u00ed m\u00fdtus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zeus, kr\u00e1\u013e olympsk\u00fdch bohov, vybojoval v\u00ed\u0165azne v\u0161etky bitky, zv\u00ed\u0165azil nad Tit\u00e1nmi aj Gigantmi, najstar\u0161\u00edmi bo\u017estvami, ktor\u00e9 povstali z\u00a0Chaosu a\u00a0ktor\u00e9 bolo treba skroti\u0165, aby bol u\u017e nav\u017edy nastolen\u00fd poriadok (kozmos). Ke\u010f sa tak stane, Zeus spravodlivo rozdel\u00ed vl\u00e1du nad svetom medzi ostatn\u00fdch bohov, jeho bratia Poseid\u00f3n a\u00a0H\u00e1des sa stan\u00fa p\u00e1nmi mor\u00ed a\u00a0podsvetia, sestra H\u00e9ra bude vl\u00e1dnu\u0165 nad rodinn\u00fdm krbom a\u00a0d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 funkcie obsadia aj Diove deti At\u00e9na, Apol\u00f3n \u010di bohy\u0148a lovu Artemis. Na svete vldne teda bo\u017esk\u00fd pokoj, poriadok ako zo \u0161katu\u013eky, dokonalos\u0165 sama. Ale&#8230; tam, kde sa ni\u010d nedeje, nie je \u017eiaden pohyb, Diom nastolen\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha je s\u00edce dokonal\u00e1, ale nehybn\u00e1 a\u00a0nehybnos\u0165, to nie je \u017eivot, to je smr\u0165. Bohovia sa k\u00a0smrti nudia. Chcelo by to nejak\u00fa hra\u010dku, z\u00e1bavku, ktor\u00e1 by im priniesla rozpt\u00fdlenie. Zeus teda dostane n\u00e1pad: po\u017eiada Prom\u00e9thea, aby z\u00a0hliny, vody a\u00a0oh\u0148a uhnietol so\u0161ky, fig\u00farky r\u00f4znych bytost\u00ed, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm \u013eud\u00ed (ale aj zvierat), aby im pris\u00fadil r\u00f4zne vlastnosti a\u00a0potom ich bohovia, pre vlastn\u00fa z\u00e1bavu a\u00a0pote\u0161enie, o\u017eivia. Prom\u00e9theus s\u00fahlas\u00ed, nie je v\u0161ak s\u00e1m, m\u00e1 toti\u017e brata Epim\u00e9tea, hlup\u00e1\u010dika, ktor\u00fd na \u010do siahne, to zbabre. Aby nesp\u00f4sobil viac skazy ako \u00fa\u017eitku, Prom\u00e9theus mu d\u00e1 na staros\u0165 vytvori\u0165 r\u00ed\u0161u zvierat. Na po\u010dudovanie si Epim\u00e9teus po\u010d\u00edna dobre a\u00a0druhov\u00e9 vlastnosti rozde\u013euje zvierat\u00e1m uv\u00e1\u017elivo, mal\u00fdm d\u00e1 kr\u00eddla, aby mohli ubzikn\u00fa\u0165 pred\u00e1torom, t\u00fdch, \u010do bud\u00fa musie\u0165 \u010deli\u0165 chladu, zaodeje hustou ko\u017eu\u0161inou, \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy pob\u00fdvaj\u00face v\u00a0moriach vybav\u00ed plutvami, at\u010f., at\u010f. Po \u0165a\u017ekej pr\u00e1ci v\u0161ak nebor\u00e1k zist\u00ed, \u017ee zabudol na \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd zostal \u201enah\u00fd, bos\u00fd, bez prikr\u00fdvky a\u00a0bez zbran\u00ed\u201c. Ako v\u017edy, aj teraz mus\u00ed Prom\u00e9theus napravi\u0165, \u010do jeho brat pohnojil. Prikradne sa k bohom\u00a0H\u00e9faistovi a At\u00e9ne a ukradne im \u010dosi, \u010do patr\u00ed do ich ctenej bo\u017eskej kompetencie: remeseln\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti. Plus ohe\u0148, lebo bez oh\u0148a sa remesl\u00e1 nezaob\u00eddu. Napln\u00ed vrece t\u00fdmito bo\u017esk\u00fdmi pokladmi,\u00a0zost\u00fapi k\u00a0\u013eu\u010fom, rozd\u00e1 im remesl\u00e1 a\u00a0nau\u010d\u00ed ich stava\u0165 domy, pestova\u0165 obilie, piec\u0165 chlieb, vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 n\u00e1stroje, zapriahnu\u0165 dobytok&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Zeus met\u00e1 blesky od z\u00farivosti, ke\u010f sa dozvie, \u010do Prom\u00e9theus vykonal, tak\u00e1to drzos\u0165, tak\u00e1to tr\u00fafalos\u0165! Ukradn\u00fa\u0165 bohom, \u010do je bo\u017esk\u00e9, to si \u017eiada exempl\u00e1rny trest! Vyd\u00e1 rozkaz, aby bol Prom\u00e9theus prikovan\u00fd k obrovskej skale na Kaukaze. A\u00a0keby len to! Ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 prilet\u00ed ku skale obrovsk\u00fd orol, a ten sp\u00fatan\u00e9mu \u00fabo\u017eiakovi vy\u010fob\u00e1va pe\u010de\u0148, ktor\u00e1 mu potom v\u017edy v\u00a0noci dorastie, a\u00a0takto sa Prom\u00e9theovo utrpenie opakuje de\u0148 \u010do de\u0148, cel\u00e9 veky&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Filozofick\u00fd presah Prom\u00e9theovho \u010dinu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pre\u010do je Zeus tak na\u0161tvan\u00fd na Prom\u00e9thea? Preto\u017ee ukradol to, \u010do patrilo bohom a\u00a0\u013eudia sa tak stali \u201epr\u00edbuzn\u00ed bohom\u201c. Na jednej strane je Prom\u00e9theov ohe\u0148 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed dar \u013eudstvu. V\u010faka schopnostiam, ktor\u00e9 dovtedy prin\u00e1le\u017eali len bohom, smrte\u013en\u00edci teraz prekro\u010dili svoj \u00fadel, ktor\u00fd mali p\u00f4vodne rovnak\u00fd so zvieratami. Teraz v\u0161ak, na rozdiel od vlka, ktor\u00fd je predur\u010den\u00fd lovi\u0165 ovce, alebo v\u010dely, ktor\u00e1 cel\u00fd \u017eivot nerob\u00ed ni\u010d in\u00e9, iba vyr\u00e1ba med, alebo ma\u010dky, ktorej \u00fadelom je chyta\u0165 my\u0161i, \u010dlovek sa m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00a0nikoho sta\u0165 niek\u00fdm: tes\u00e1rom, moreplavcom, kov\u00e1\u010dom, pek\u00e1rom&#8230; V\u00a0tomto zmysle Prom\u00e9theus oslobodil \u010dloveka, zbavil ho jeho tup\u00e9ho \u00fadelu a\u00a0pozdvihol na bo\u017esk\u00fa \u00farove\u0148. \u013dudia zrazu dok\u00e1\u017eu to, \u010do bohovia: v\u010faka remesl\u00e1m (teda tvorivosti) ovl\u00e1da\u0165 pr\u00edrodu a\u00a0jej z\u00e1kony: stava\u0165 domy, piec\u0165 chlieb, ku\u0165 me\u010de, kormidlova\u0165 lode, len\u017ee&#8230; Len\u017ee na rozdiel od Prom\u00e9thea, ktor\u00fd je na svoj \u010din patri\u010dne hrd\u00fd, v\u0161emocn\u00fd Zeus \u0161\u00edpi probl\u00e9m. Zeus tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee takto vystrojen\u00ed \u013eudia sa za\u010dn\u00fa hra\u0165 na bohov, \u017ee p\u00fdcha (hybris) ovl\u00e1dne ich srdcia, \u017ee ohrozia poriadok, ktor\u00fd nastolil. \u201eS ohromuj\u00facou jasnos\u0165ou a\u00a0h\u013abkou,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e Luc Ferry, \u201egr\u00e9cka mytol\u00f3gia uv\u00e1dza na sc\u00e9nu ve\u013emi modern\u00fa a\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa defin\u00edciu \u013eudsk\u00e9ho druhu, ktor\u00e9ho sloboda a\u00a0tvorivos\u0165 s\u00fa v\u00a0z\u00e1sadnom rozpore s\u00a0pr\u00edrodou a\u00a0kozmom&#8230;. Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, aritmetika, re\u010d, astron\u00f3mia, to v\u0161etko bude \u010dloveku dobr\u00e9 na to, aby sa zbavil svojho \u00fadelu, arogantne sa pov\u00fd\u0161il nad ostatn\u00e9 stvorenia a\u00a0priniesol ne-poriadok do \u00faplne nov\u00e9ho kozmu, ktor\u00fd sa podarilo Diovi po prekonan\u00ed mnoh\u00fdch prek\u00e1\u017eok vytvori\u0165.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0podobnom duchu uva\u017euje aj b\u00e1snik H\u00e9siodos, ke\u010f vo svojom diele Pr\u00e1ce a dni opisuje, ako \u013eudia rozvr\u00e1tili zlat\u00fd vek, v\u00a0ktorom mali v\u0161etko, \u010do potrebovali, \u017eili ako v\u00a0raji, v\u00a0dostatku, bez \u00famornej pr\u00e1ce, chor\u00f4b a\u00a0utrpenia. Postupom vekov v\u0161ak upadali do hybris, prestali uctieva\u0165 bohov, za\u010dali proti sebe vies\u0165 vojny, spr\u00e1va\u0165 sa spupne, \u017ei\u0165 v\u00a0\u201eprom\u00e9theovskej p\u00fdche\u201c, drancova\u0165 pr\u00edrodu a\u00a0arogantne jej d\u00e1va\u0165 najavo svoju nadradenos\u0165. R\u00edmsky b\u00e1snik Ov\u00eddius vo svojich Premen\u00e1ch opisuje krut\u00fd \u017eelezn\u00fd vek, do ktor\u00e9ho sa \u013eudstvo dostalo, \u00faplne prorocky: \u201eNielen zrno a\u00a0nutn\u00fd pokrm \u017eiada, le\u017e kutre \/ sa u\u017e hltav\u00fd tvor i\u00a0v\u00a0h\u013abkach zeme, v\u00a0jej vn\u00fatre, \/ z\u00a0\u00fatrob trh\u00e1 jej poklady, \u010do pre v\u0161etky doby \/ skryla k\u00a0podsvetn\u00fdm tm\u00e1m &#8211; tie hrie\u0161ne dr\u00e1\u017edidl\u00e1 zloby&#8230;\u201c<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-131_William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_1825-1905_-_Love_on_the_Look_Out_1890.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9511 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-131_William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_1825-1905_-_Love_on_the_Look_Out_1890-196x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"196\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-131_William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_1825-1905_-_Love_on_the_Look_Out_1890-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-131_William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_1825-1905_-_Love_on_the_Look_Out_1890-670x1024.jpg 670w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-131_William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_1825-1905_-_Love_on_the_Look_Out_1890-768x1174.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/v-131_William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_1825-1905_-_Love_on_the_Look_Out_1890.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" \/><\/a>Amorove \u0161\u00edpy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Osoby a\u00a0obsadenie: <\/strong>Eros, Amor, Kupido, boh \u010di b\u00f4\u017eik v\u0161etk\u00fdch zamilovan\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kedy hovor\u00edme o\u00a0Amorov\u00fdch \u0161\u00edpoch: <\/strong>Ke\u010f na\u0161e srdcia celkom pobl\u00e1zni l\u00e1ska.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>O\u00a0\u010dom hovor\u00ed m\u00fdtus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rimania prebrali po Gr\u00e9koch cel\u00fd pante\u00f3n bohov, ale\u00a0dali im svoje vlastn\u00e9 men\u00e1: tak sa z\u00a0Afrodity stala Venu\u0161a, z\u00a0At\u00e9ny Minerva, z\u00a0Area Mars, z\u00a0Dion\u00fdza Bakchus a\u00a0z\u00a0Erota Amor \u010di Kupido. Eros bol boh l\u00e1sky, pod\u013ea jednej interpret\u00e1cie syn bohyne Afrodity, pochab\u00fd mlad\u00edk ve\u010dne poletuj\u00faci (ve\u010f l\u00e1ska je prelietav\u00e1) na zlat\u00fdch kr\u00eddelk\u00e1ch, v\u00a0ruk\u00e1ch luk a\u00a0\u0161\u00edp, chlap\u010disko strie\u013eal priamo do srdca a\u00a0v\u017edy trafil. Jeho \u0161\u00edpy mali dvojak\u00fa kvalitu: tie so zlat\u00fdmi hrotmi sp\u00f4sobovali \u0161\u0165astn\u00fa l\u00e1sku, \u0161\u00edpy s\u00a0oloven\u00fdmi hrotmi l\u00e1sku ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fa. Inde sa zasa do\u010d\u00edtame, \u017ee za l\u00e1sku \u0161\u0165astn\u00fa i\u00a0t\u00fa pln\u00fa utrpenia m\u00f4\u017eu dva pramene vyvieraj\u00face na Cypre, ostrove Erotovej bo\u017eskej matky, v\u00a0pren\u00e1dhernej z\u00e1hrade, kde v\u0161etko kvitne na po\u010des\u0165 Afrodity a\u00a0kde tidlikaj\u00fa len tak\u00ed vt\u00e1ci, ktor\u00ed zlo\u017eili sk\u00fa\u0161ku v\u00a0najkraj\u0161om speve (rozhodky\u0148ou b\u00fdva samotn\u00e1 bohy\u0148a). Jeden prame\u0148 je sladk\u00fd ako med, druh\u00fd hork\u00fd ako blen. Do nich Eros nam\u00e1\u010da svoje \u0161\u00edpy, raz tam, raz onam a potom \u0161up, do oboch naraz, preto sa s\u00a0l\u00e1skou mie\u0161a \u017eia\u013e, preto je l\u00e1ska, ako nap\u00edsala Sapf\u00f3, \u201esladkob\u00f4\u013ena\u201c. Eros mal prsty v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch starovek\u00fdch \u0161arv\u00e1tkach, ke\u010f\u017ee jeho \u0161\u00edpom podliehali nielen smrte\u013en\u00ed \u013eudia, ale aj olympsk\u00ed bohovia (okrem At\u00e9ny, bohyne m\u00fadrosti, t\u00e1 nebola nikdy zamilovan\u00e1). Nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t si to namieril aj na svojho \u0161\u00e9fa, samotn\u00e9ho Dia,\u00a0ktor\u00fd najm\u00e4 kr\u00e1sne smrte\u013en\u00ed\u010dky zv\u00e1dzal v\u00a0t\u00fdch najbizarnej\u0161\u00edch prestrojeniach (napr\u00edklad ako zlat\u00fd d\u00e1\u017e\u010f) a\u00a0takmer nikdy sa to nezaobi\u0161lo bez n\u00e1sledkov. Preto m\u00e1 vl\u00e1dca bohov det\u00ed ako maku&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Filozofick\u00fd presah Erotovej l\u00e1sky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V H\u00e9siodovej Theogonii, v\u00a0ktorej tento starogr\u00e9cky b\u00e1snik sp\u00edsal \u010dosi ako rodopis bohov, m\u00e1 v\u0161ak Eros celkom in\u00fa podobu. H\u00e9siodos ho vid\u00ed ako prvotn\u00e9 bo\u017estvo, \u010dosi nehmotn\u00e9, \u010do e\u0161te nem\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tnu tv\u00e1r (ani tvar), nie je postavou ako neskor\u0161\u00ed bohovia, ktor\u00ed sa zjavom tak ve\u013emi podobaj\u00fa na \u013eud\u00ed. M\u00e1 s\u00edce meno, ale vystupuje sk\u00f4r ako pr\u00edrodn\u00e1 sila, \u201e\u017eiariv\u00e1 energia, princ\u00edp \u017eivota alebo \u017eivotn\u00e1 sila\u201c. Eros je teda staru\u010dk\u00fd, prastar\u00fd boh, tak\u00fd star\u00fd ako Gaia (Zem) a\u00a0\u00daranos (Nebo). Spolu s\u00a0nimi povstal z\u00a0Chaosu, prvotn\u00e9ho a temn\u00e9ho zm\u00e4tku. Na po\u010diatku bol chaos, povedali by star\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci, keby chceli napodob\u0148ova\u0165 biblick\u00fa frazeol\u00f3giu&#8230; Oproti neskor\u0161ej predstave Erota, ktor\u00fd \u013eud\u00ed zv\u00e1dza k\u00a0sexu, m\u00e1 ten prv\u00fd toho na pr\u00e1ci ove\u013ea viac: mus\u00ed obsiahnu\u0165 cel\u00fd vesm\u00edr, Eros je \u010dosi ako o\u017eivuj\u00faca sila, pr\u00edrodn\u00fd pud, princ\u00edp rastu, pr\u00ed\u010dina v\u0161etk\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho, \u017eiariv\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d svetla, ktor\u00fd pret\u00edna temnoty Chaosu&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Simonetta Zalov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>foto Wikipedia \/ Public Domain<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok si pre\u010d\u00edtate v zimnom dvoj\u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2021)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Achillova p\u00e4ta, Tantalove muky, Damoklov me\u010d, sizyfovsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, titansk\u00fd \u010din&#8230; \u010do be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 slovn\u00e9 spojenie, to nejak\u00fd starogr\u00e9cky hrdina s\u00a0pr\u00edbehom tak\u00fdm vzru\u0161uj\u00facim a\u00a0dobrodru\u017en\u00fdm, \u017ee by sa za\u0148 nehanbil ani s\u00e1m James Bond. Hoci sa n\u00e1m antick\u00e9 m\u00fdty m\u00f4\u017eu na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zda\u0165 ako fantaskn\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vky o\u00a0rozmarn\u00fdch bohoch a v\u0161ete\u010dn\u00fdch smrte\u013en\u00edkoch, v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti si nimi star\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-na-pohlad","category-zima-2021"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9508"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9531,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9508\/revisions\/9531"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}