{"id":9683,"date":"2022-01-31T20:05:25","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T18:05:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/?p=9683"},"modified":"2022-01-31T20:05:25","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T18:05:25","slug":"antilopa-nevsedne-hry-prirody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/antilopa-nevsedne-hry-prirody\/","title":{"rendered":"Antilopa  nev\u0161edn\u00e9 hry pr\u00edrody"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Viete, \u010do maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9 antilopy a\u00a0psy? Neskuto\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo druhov a\u00a0poddruhov. Jedna pripom\u00edna jednoro\u017eca, druh\u00e1 b\u00fdva v najneob\u00fdvanej\u0161\u00edch pust\u00fdch oblastiach sveta, tretia si terit\u00f3rium uzurpuje pla\u010dom, \u010fal\u0161ie zasa neprejd\u00fa denne ani dva kilometre. Ka\u017ed\u00fd sme in\u00fd a antilopy s\u00fa toho d\u00f4kazom. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tne zvierat\u00e1, v\u0161ak\u017ee? Mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0nich stretnete aj v\u00a0bratislavskej ZOO. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-198_Oryxy-arabske-Tomas-Hulik.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-9686\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-198_Oryxy-arabske-Tomas-Hulik-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-198_Oryxy-arabske-Tomas-Hulik-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-198_Oryxy-arabske-Tomas-Hulik-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-198_Oryxy-arabske-Tomas-Hulik.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Arabsk\u00e9 jednoro\u017ece<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nech \u017eije divok\u00fd jednoro\u017eec! Tak kedysi naz\u00fdvali arabsk\u00fdch oryxov, po slovensky priamoro\u017ecov, z\u00a0bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00fdch p\u00fa\u0161t\u00ed Arabsk\u00e9ho polostrova. Zdrojom legiend o\u00a0jednoro\u017ecoch sa toti\u017e stali ich niekedy a\u017e sto centimetrov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edhle rohy, ktor\u00e9 z\u00a0profilu vyzeraj\u00fa ako jeden celok. Pred\u00a0\u00fapln\u00fdm vyhynut\u00edm vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode v\u0161ak tieto zvierat\u00e1 nezachr\u00e1nili ani legendy, ani \u010destn\u00e9 miesto v\u00a0arabskej po\u00e9zii, ani kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 pieskovo biele sfarbenie. S\u00fa to majstri v\u00a0prisp\u00f4sobovan\u00ed sa extr\u00e9mne tepl\u00fdm a\u00a0such\u00fdm oblastiam, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch v\u010faka svojmu sfarbeniu spl\u00fdvaj\u00fa s\u00a0p\u00fa\u0161tnym prostred\u00edm. Dokonal\u00e9 maskovanie pred pred\u00e1torom z\u00a0r\u00ed\u0161e zvierat &#8211; \u0161akalom, ale nie pred \u010dlovekom. Stali sme sa najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edmi \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchmi na svete, hoci na\u0161e nechty a\u00a0zuby na nie\u010do tak\u00e9 nesta\u010dia.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roku 1971 \u017eilo vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode u\u017e len \u0161es\u0165 oryxov arabsk\u00fdch. Zmizli z\u00a0p\u00fa\u0161t\u00ed Saudskej Ar\u00e1bie, Izraela, Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tov i\u00a0Jord\u00e1nska. Posledn\u00e9ho Al Maha, ako ich volaj\u00fa Arabi, zastrelili v\u00a0Om\u00e1ne o\u00a0rok nesk\u00f4r. Tak sa skon\u010dil desiatky rokov trvaj\u00faci nekontrolovan\u00fd lov t\u00fdchto bylino\u017erav\u00fdch kopytn\u00edkov na trofeje, m\u00e4so \u010di ko\u017eu\u0161inu. Ich zab\u00edjanie sa pre \u0161ejkov, princov \u010di sult\u00e1nov stalo \u0161portom. Najsk\u00f4r ich s\u00a0pu\u0161kami nah\u00e1\u0148ali na ko\u0148och, nesk\u00f4r na ter\u00e9nnych d\u017e\u00edpoch a\u00a0ve\u013ek\u00fdch pick-upoch. Oryx arabsk\u00fd sa na nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed ocitol na \u010cervenom zozname ohrozen\u00fdch druhov Medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00fanie na ochranu pr\u00edrody a\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov (IUCN) ako \u201evyhynut\u00fd vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-555_iStock-976103832.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-9688\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-555_iStock-976103832-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-555_iStock-976103832-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-555_iStock-976103832-768x412.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-555_iStock-976103832.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>N\u00e1vrat do divo\u010diny<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to ve\u013ek\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0161tna antilopa v\u0161ak vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode op\u00e4\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee pred vami slobodne zohn\u00fa\u0165 hlavu k\u00a0zemi (vtedy sa majte na pozore, pova\u017euje v\u00e1s za nepriate\u013ea a\u00a0je pripraven\u00e1 na \u00fatok), a\u00a0to v\u010faka \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdm reintroduk\u010dn\u00fdm programom zoologick\u00fdch z\u00e1hrad, ktor\u00fdm sa podarilo prinavr\u00e1ti\u0165 oryxa arabsk\u00e9ho sp\u00e4\u0165 do divo\u010diny v\u00a0roku 1982. Svojimi \u0161irok\u00fdmi kopytami, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facimi \u013eahk\u00fd pohyb po pohyblivom piesku aj\u00a0r\u00fdchly, vytrval\u00fd beh po\u00a0kamenistom podklade such\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, op\u00e4\u0165 br\u00e1zdia p\u00fa\u0161te Arabsk\u00e9ho polostrova. Nieko\u013eko men\u0161\u00edch \u010di v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1d, od desa\u0165 a\u017e po sto jedincov, dnes znova vyh\u013ead\u00e1va vodu v\u00a0drsnom p\u00fa\u0161tnom ekosyst\u00e9me. Vyc\u00edtia ju na kilometre, rovnako ako d\u00e1\u017e\u010f \u010di \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 h\u013euzy v\u00a0zemi. K\u00a0vode a novej veget\u00e1cii v\u017edy ved\u00fa \u010driedu sk\u00fasen\u00e9 statn\u00e9 samce, za ktor\u00fdmi sa dr\u017eia samice s\u00a0ml\u00e1\u010fatami. Oryxy arabsk\u00e9 nie s\u00fa vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode pr\u00edli\u0161 teritori\u00e1lne a\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 st\u00e1da sa do\u010dasne, napr\u00edklad pri presune za potravou, sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa a\u00a0dobre spolu vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. Delia sa o\u00a0listy, pupene, tr\u00e1vy aj \u00a0korienky. A\u00a0pokia\u013e ide o\u00a0vodu, niekedy si vysta\u010dia mesiace len s\u00a0tou, ktor\u00fa pr\u00edjmu spolu s\u00a0rastlinnou potravou. Ak sa pr\u00e1ve nepas\u00fa, vykop\u00fa si plytk\u00fa jamu, v\u00a0ktorej cez de\u0148 odpo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa a\u00a0ochladzuj\u00fa sa. Takto nejako vyzer\u00e1 ide\u00e1lny \u017eivot vo\u013enej \u017eij\u00facich arabsk\u00fdch antilop.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0kateg\u00f3rie \u201evyhynut\u00fd vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode\u201c sa tento poddruh antilopy zaradil do kateg\u00f3rie \u201ezranite\u013en\u00fd\u201c v\u00a0roku 2011. Pod\u013ea IUCN ich vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode teraz \u017eije asi tis\u00edc, \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u0161es\u0165 a\u017e sedem tis\u00edc z\u00a0nich pre\u017e\u00edva v\u00a0zajat\u00ed, v\u00a0kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch chovoch v\u00a0Katare a v\u00a0Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1toch, v\u00a0zoologick\u00fdch z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch \u010di\u00a0rezerv\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. V\u00f4bec prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t tak nejak\u00e9 zviera, vyhynut\u00e9 vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode, presko\u010dilo za tak\u00fd kr\u00e1tky \u010das na \u010dervenom liste\u00a0tri kateg\u00f3rie &#8211; kriticky ohrozen\u00fd, bl\u00edzko k\u00a0vyhynutiu a\u00a0ohrozen\u00fd\u00a0v\u00a0doh\u013eadnej bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-207_Antilopa-vrana-2-Tomas-Hulik.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9687 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-207_Antilopa-vrana-2-Tomas-Hulik-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-207_Antilopa-vrana-2-Tomas-Hulik-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-207_Antilopa-vrana-2-Tomas-Hulik-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-207_Antilopa-vrana-2-Tomas-Hulik.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Oryxy v bratislavskej ZOO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou moment\u00e1lne osem\u010dlenn\u00e9ho st\u00e1da v\u00a0bratislavskej ZOO je fakt, \u017ee chovn\u00fd alfa samec Tiori nie je jeho najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm jedincom, ve\u013ekos\u0165ou a\u00a0mohutnos\u0165ou ho predbehli samice Haiti a\u00a0Dora (o<em>krem nich v\u00a0st\u00e1de \u017eije i samica Jasm\u00edna). V\u00a0decembri 2019 a v\u00a0janu\u00e1ri 2020 sa \u010drieda rozr\u00e1stla o\u00a0dve oryxie ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1, tie v\u0161ak bud\u00fa musie\u0165 opusti\u0165 st\u00e1do zrejme e\u0161te tento \u010di bud\u00faci rok, ke\u010f\u017ee Tiori ich pomaly za\u010d\u00edna pova\u017eova\u0165 za konkurenciu. Z\u00a0\u010dasu na \u010das spolu bojuj\u00fa, ale nejde o s\u00faboje na \u017eivot a\u00a0na smr\u0165. Posledn\u00e9 pr\u00edrastky, tentokr\u00e1t dve samice, sa Dore a\u00a0Haiti narodili sk\u00f4r, ako sme sa v\u00a0roku 2021 do\u010dkali jari. E\u0161te st\u00e1le maj\u00fa typick\u00e9 s\u00fdte pieskov\u00e9 sfarbenie ml\u00e1\u010fat, to sa vekom zmen\u00ed na biele. <\/em>Zmena sfarbenia \u010dak\u00e1 dvakr\u00e1t v\u00a0roku aj dospel\u00fdch oryxov &#8211; nohy im v\u00a0lete bledn\u00fa, v\u00a0zime zasa tmavn\u00fa. D\u00f4vodom je absorpcia tepla. V zime tmav\u00e1 farba nohy zahreje, v\u00a0lete, ke\u010f ich pokryje biela srs\u0165, na ne slnko to\u013eko nesvieti. Studen\u00e9 mesiace v \u010dase mrazu oryxy pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00a0ma\u0161tali. Von nevyjd\u00fa na viac ako na dve hodiny. Pri po\u013eadovici treba d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor najm\u00e4 na gravidn\u00e9 samice, ktor\u00e9 by pri p\u00e1de mohli ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 nielen sebe, ale i\u00a0ml\u00e1\u010fa\u0165u. Predsa, ich v\u00fdbeh v\u00a0bratislavskej ZOO je trochu do kopca.<\/p>\n<p>Kto si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee oryxy v\u00a0bratislavskej ZOO maj\u00fa mal\u00fd priestor na \u017eivot, m\u00fdli sa. \u201eVo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode ob\u00fdvaj\u00fa tieto zvierat\u00e1 extr\u00e9mne ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u00fazemie pr\u00e1ve preto, \u017ee v\u00a0\u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch p\u00fa\u0161tnych podmienkach s\u00fa n\u00faten\u00e9 migrova\u0165 za potravou. Aj na\u0161i predkovia, ke\u010f e\u0161te \u017eili v\u00a0jaskyniach, sa za potravou pres\u00favali kilometre,\u201c ozrejmuje Simona Halu\u0161ov\u00e1, chovate\u013eka oryxov v\u00a0ZOO Bratislava. V\u010faka ka\u017edodennej starostlivosti v\u0161ak potrebu pres\u00fava\u0165 sa za potravou stratili.<\/p>\n<p>Oryxy arabsk\u00e9 s\u00fa, \u010do sa potravy t\u00fdka, nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 nielen vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode, ale aj v ZOO. Vysta\u010dia si so senom a\u00a0granulami obsahuj\u00facimi v\u0161etky vitam\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 v be\u017enej potrave vo v\u00fdbehu nen\u00e1jdu. Ob\u013eubuj\u00fa aj soli a miner\u00e1lne\u00a0lizy. Tr\u00e1vu sp\u00e1saj\u00fa, ale nie s\u00fa na nej z\u00e1visl\u00e9. Zatia\u013e \u010do zeleninu k\u00a0\u017eivotu v\u00f4bec nepotrebuj\u00fa, ani \u0161al\u00e1tov\u00fa, chut\u00ed im k\u00f4ra stromov a\u00a0\u010derstv\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 hal\u00fazky, najm\u00e4 na jar a\u00a0v\u00a0lete. \u201eVo v\u00fdbehu maj\u00fa jamy, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci ZOO \u010dasto pova\u017euj\u00fa za nami nedostato\u010dne upraven\u00fd ter\u00e9n, vykop\u00e1vaj\u00fa si ich v\u0161ak samy. L\u00edhaj\u00fa si do nich a\u00a0ochladzuj\u00fa sa. Rady vykop\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj p\u0155h\u013eavu, dokonca i s kore\u0148om. Nechaj\u00fa ju odle\u017ea\u0165 jeden &#8211; dva dni a\u00a0potom zjedia. Za \u010derstva by ich pop\u0155hlila,\u201c vysvet\u013euje Simona.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci n\u00e1\u0161 vz\u0165ah k\u00a0nim je vr\u00facny a\u00a0miluj\u00faci, s\u00fa to divok\u00e9\u00a0plach\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 a \u010dloveku dok\u00e1\u017eu pri spolo\u010dnom strete ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165. Pozor si treba d\u00e1va\u0165 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na alfa samca. Ten za ka\u017ed\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed chr\u00e1ni svoje samice. V \u010dase\u00a0ruje je schopn\u00fd za\u00fato\u010di\u0165 aj na svojich dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdch chovate\u013eov a\u00a0o\u0161etrovate\u013eov &#8211; vn\u00edma ich ako konkurenciu. \u201eOryx v\u00e1m d\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9 prekro\u010denie hranice najavo. T\u00fdch hran\u00edc m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 viacero &#8211; najsk\u00f4r za\u010dne vyd\u00e1va\u0165 zvl\u00e1\u0161tne zvuky nosom, potom po v\u00e1s vy\u0161tartuje, ale dva metre od v\u00e1s sa zastav\u00ed. Ak nebudete vn\u00edma\u0165 ani tento sign\u00e1l na v\u00fdstrahu,\u00a0potom za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed&#8230; Svojich \u013eud\u00ed v\u0161ak poznaj\u00fa na dia\u013eku, ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no za mnou vyk\u00fakaj\u00fa, kedy u\u017e pr\u00eddem. Tento vz\u0165ah si so mnou vytvorili nen\u00fatene, samy,\u201c dod\u00e1va chovate\u013eka. No niektor\u00e9 jedince v\u00e1m to\u013eko sign\u00e1lov nedopraj\u00fa, \u00fato\u010dia okam\u017eite. Ost\u00e1va len na nich, \u010di bud\u00fa chcie\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu so svoj\u00edm chovate\u013eom posun\u00fa\u0165 trochu \u010falej a je \u00faplne v\u00a0poriadku, ak sa rozhodn\u00fa, \u017ee nie. Nie s\u00fa predsa ani ps\u00edky, ani ma\u010di\u010dky, ale zvierat\u00e1 pripraven\u00e9 na vypustenie do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-204_Sitatunga_02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-9689\" src=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-204_Sitatunga_02-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-204_Sitatunga_02-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-204_Sitatunga_02-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-204_Sitatunga_02.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Slovensk\u00e9 priamoro\u017ece v\u00a0Tunisku<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u00a0\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu oryxov do drsnej divo\u010diny prispela aj bratislavsk\u00e1\u00a0ZOO. V\u00a0roku 1999 tri na\u0161e geneticky siln\u00e9\u00a0oryxy dammah (v\u00a0sloven\u010dine trochu zvl\u00e1\u0161tne naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 priamoro\u017ece \u0161ab\u013eoroh\u00e9) odi\u0161li za \u017eivotom do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody v Tunisku. Aj tieto oryxy boli v\u00a0tom \u010dase ozna\u010den\u00e9 ako \u201evo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode vyhynut\u00e9\u201c. Doplatili na krvav\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00fd \u0161port &#8211; trofejn\u00fd lov, na chu\u0165 po ich m\u00e4se aj na medzi\u013eudsk\u00e9 konflikty a ob\u010dianske vojny na severe africk\u00e9ho kontinentu. Tri samice R\u00e1chel, Nicoleta a\u00a0Nica sprev\u00e1dzala na ceste do divo\u010diny na\u0161a zoologi\u010dka Martina Nem\u010dekov\u00e1. Hoci v\u00a0tom \u010dase nemala e\u0161te ani 20 rokov, sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s\u00a0reintrodukciou oryxov patr\u00ed k\u00a0najlep\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1\u017eitkom jej \u017eivota &#8211; dohliadala na ich adapt\u00e1ciu v\u00a0aklimatiza\u010dnej oblasti Bir Turki, nesk\u00f4r aj v\u00a0n\u00e1rodnom parku Sidi Toui. Nieko\u013eko mesiacov sledovala ich soci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie, denn\u00fd biorytmus, spotrebu vody, kond\u00edciu i pohyb priamo v Tunisku. Z\u00a0ter\u00e9nneho v\u00fdskumu m\u00e1 aj ve\u013emi vtipn\u00fa spomienku: \u201eMali sme jedno auto a tri kone, na ktor\u00fdch sme chodili oryxy do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody pozorova\u0165. Raz na m\u0148a nevy\u0161lo auto, musela som teda \u00eds\u0165 na koni. Ke\u010f sa ma p\u00fdtali, \u010di na \u0148om viem jazdi\u0165, samozrejme som odpovedala: \u00e1no. Nikdy predt\u00fdm som v\u0161ak na koni ne\u0161la hust\u00fdmi tvrd\u00fdmi krovinami. Ke\u010f na ne \u010dlovek zlet\u00ed z ko\u0148a, zabije sa. A to som nebola ani poisten\u00e1! Nasadila som si klob\u00fak aj kongo, teda pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, a vysadla na arabsk\u00e9ho plnokrvn\u00edka. Ten zdvihol predn\u00e9 nohy a\u00a0vy\u0161tartoval. Cel\u00fd \u010das som sa ho dr\u017eala ako klie\u0161\u0165. Nepam\u00e4t\u00e1m si ni\u010d, \u010do sa dialo okolo m\u0148a. Len som sa modlila, aby som z neho nespadla. E\u0161te\u017ee t\u00ed Arabi pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tak\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 strmene, inak by u\u017e bolo d\u00e1vno po mne.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Okrem genetickej predispoz\u00edcie b\u00fdva pri navr\u00e1ten\u00ed zvierat do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 aj vekov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara zvierat. \u201eV\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody reintrodukuj\u00fa zvierat\u00e1 star\u00e9 rok \u010di rok a pol. Ja si v\u0161ak u\u017e roky mysl\u00edm, a navr\u00e1tenie na\u0161ich oryxov do divo\u010diny to len potvrdzuje, \u017ee je lep\u0161ie reintrodukova\u0165 star\u0161ie zvierat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e maj\u00fa vek na to, aby sa stali dominantn\u00fdmi jedincami. Ak s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 mlad\u00e9, s\u00fa popla\u0161en\u00e9, hoci\u010doho sa z\u013eakn\u00fa, nem\u00e1 ich kto vies\u0165,\u201c vysvet\u013euje Martina. R\u00e1chel, Nicoletu a\u00a0Nicu vypustili do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody, ke\u010f mali \u0161tyri roky a aby v\u0161etko fungovalo &#8211; transport, adapt\u00e1cia, reintrodukcia &#8211; musela Martina s\u00a0oryxami tr\u00e9nova\u0165 motorick\u00fa signaliz\u00e1ciu a\u00a0fix\u00e1ciu na jej osobu e\u0161te po\u010das chovu v\u00a0bratislavskej ZOO. Tak\u00fdto typ neverb\u00e1lnej komunik\u00e1cie u\u013eah\u010duje chovate\u013eom nevyhnutn\u00fa manipul\u00e1ciu so zvieratami, minimalizuje ich stres a\u00a0zvy\u0161uje ich pohodu. A ako vyzerala ich komunik\u00e1cia v\u00a0praxi? Ke\u010f pred transportom z\u00a0aklimatiza\u010dnej jednotky do n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho parku hrozil kolaps zo stresu jedn\u00e9mu zo samcov,\u00a0samice to vyc\u00edtili. Cel\u00e1 skupina sa od neho za\u010dala vz\u010fa\u013eova\u0165. Pomocou jednoduch\u00fdch gest a\u00a0sign\u00e1lov v\u0161ak mohli chovatelia privies\u0165 svoje samice bli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0centru diania vo v\u00fdbehu a upokoji\u0165 ich. Dominantn\u00fdm samiciam uk\u00e1zali, aby si \u013eahli, a tie to bez v\u00e1hania urobili a\u00a0spolu s\u00a0nimi aj ostatn\u00e9 \u010dlenky z\u00a0\u010driedy. Samec sa v\u010faka tomu za\u010dal s\u00e1m upokojova\u0165, napodobnil spr\u00e1vanie v skupine a\u00a0\u013eahol si tie\u017e.<\/p>\n<p>Od oryxov arabsk\u00fdch sa oryxy dammah odli\u0161uj\u00fa nielen bio-geografick\u00fdm celkom, ktor\u00fd ob\u00fdvaj\u00fa, ale aj sfarben\u00edm. Oryxy dammah maj\u00fa hnedo-siv\u00fa tv\u00e1r s\u00a0mohutn\u00fdm, svalnat\u00fdm bielym telom s\u00a0kr\u00e1tkou srs\u0165ou. Tmav\u00e1 hned\u00e1 srs\u0165 im obrast\u00e1 krk, tmav\u00fdm farbivom je pokryt\u00fd aj ich jazyk, chr\u00e1ni im ho pred sp\u00e1len\u00edm. Aj tieto oryxy dok\u00e1\u017eu vyc\u00edti\u0165 pr\u00edchod zr\u00e1\u017eok &#8211; s\u00fa nom\u00e1dmi prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00facimi sa klimatick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m. Av\u0161ak k\u00fdm si na nom\u00e1dstvo spomenie genetick\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 jedincov odchovan\u00fdch v\u00a0zajat\u00ed, chv\u00ed\u013eu to trv\u00e1. \u201eTakto reintrodukovan\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 sa e\u0161te nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov, niekedy aj mesiacov, dr\u017eia v\u00a0aklimatiza\u010dnom p\u00e1sme plota, c\u00edtia sa pri \u0148om v\u00a0bezpe\u010d\u00ed. Intenz\u00edvnou pr\u00e1cou si potom na priestor zvykn\u00fa, nesk\u00f4r im ho zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edme raz &#8211; dvakr\u00e1t, a\u017e k\u00fdm ich nadobro nevypust\u00edme do pr\u00edrody,\u201c opisuje v\u00a0skratke cel\u00fd proces zoologi\u010dka Martina. T\u00e1to reintrodukcia bola nadmieru \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1. Dodnes v\u00a0pr\u00edrodnom stepnom prostred\u00ed v\u00fdchodnej Sahary \u017eij\u00fa potomkovia v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch slovensk\u00fdch sam\u00edc priamoro\u017eca \u0161ab\u013eoroh\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Diana Burgerov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>foto Tom\u00e1\u0161 Hul\u00edk, Juraj \u010cis\u00e1rik, iStock<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok si pre\u010d\u00edtate v letnom dvoj\u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2021)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Viete, \u010do maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9 antilopy a\u00a0psy? Neskuto\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo druhov a\u00a0poddruhov. Jedna pripom\u00edna jednoro\u017eca, druh\u00e1 b\u00fdva v najneob\u00fdvanej\u0161\u00edch pust\u00fdch oblastiach sveta, tretia si terit\u00f3rium uzurpuje pla\u010dom, \u010fal\u0161ie zasa neprejd\u00fa denne ani dva kilometre. Ka\u017ed\u00fd sme in\u00fd a antilopy s\u00fa toho d\u00f4kazom. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tne zvierat\u00e1, v\u0161ak\u017ee? Mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0nich stretnete aj v\u00a0bratislavskej ZOO. &nbsp; Arabsk\u00e9 jednoro\u017ece Nech \u017eije [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9684,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leto-2021","category-zoo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9683"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9690,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9683\/revisions\/9690"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}