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<\/a>V\u00a0korun\u00e1ch stromov <\/strong><\/p>\nOrangutany s\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie stromov\u00e9 \u013eudoopy, hniezda z\u00a0li\u00e1n a\u00a0in\u00fdch rastl\u00edn si vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa vo vysok\u00fdch korun\u00e1ch stromov 20 – 30 metrov nad zemou. Tam tr\u00e1via v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u010dasu, jedia figy, mlad\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky a listy \u010di zat\u00falan\u00e9 mravce a\u00a0veverice, spia tam aj\u00a0sa p\u00e1ria. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zoologick\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada \u010di z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 stanica pre orangutany sa mus\u00ed postara\u0165, aby sa ich \u017eivot v\u00a0zajat\u00ed \u010do najviac podobal tomu vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode. Aj preto sa n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci v\u00a0pavil\u00f3ne prim\u00e1tov bratislavskej ZOO musia pri orangutanoch pozera\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou dohora. Na svojich \u201e\u0161tyroch ruk\u00e1ch\u201c behaj\u00fa, sk\u00e1\u010du a\u00a0\u0161plhaj\u00fa po ag\u00e1tov\u00fdch preliezkach, lan\u00e1ch a\u00a0plo\u0161in\u00e1ch, simuluj\u00facich prostredie typick\u00e9 pre ich druh. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 listy, ktor\u00fdmi sa prikr\u00fdvaj\u00fa pred tropick\u00fdm lejakom, akoby si obliekali pr\u0161ipl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, alebo si nimi vyp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa hniezda, im nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa drevit\u00e1 vlna, plachty \u010di deky.<\/p>\n
Pavil\u00f3n prim\u00e1tov v\u00a0bratislavskej ZOO spolu zdie\u013eaj\u00fa \u0161impanzy u\u010denliv\u00e9 a\u00a0orangutany. \u017dij\u00fa ved\u013ea seba v obrovsk\u00fdch dvojposchodov\u00fdch vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch v\u00fdbehoch s\u00a0pr\u00edstupom von. Odde\u013euje ich len sklo, \u00fazka chodba pre n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov a\u00a0op\u00e4\u0165 sklo. O\u00a0jeden v\u00fdbeh by sa dospel\u00ed jedinci r\u00f4znych druhov prim\u00e1tov spolo\u010dne nikdy nemohli deli\u0165, dopadlo by to katastrof\u00e1lne. Ve\u013emi dobre sa v\u0161ak vn\u00edmaj\u00fa. Dokonca spolu komunikuj\u00fa a navz\u00e1jom sa napodob\u0148uj\u00fa. \u201eNa rozruch medzi \u0161impanzmi je h\u00e1kliv\u00fd najm\u00e4 orangutan Filip, rozohn\u00ed sa a\u00a0kri\u010d\u00ed. Ke\u010f sa zasa deje nie\u010do vo v\u00fdbehu orangutanov, \u0161impanzy sedia nalepen\u00e9 na skle a\u00a0k\u00a0susedom pozeraj\u00fa s\u00a0tak\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm, akoby sledovali telev\u00edzny program,\u201c opisuje svoje z\u00e1\u017eitky s\u00a0prim\u00e1tmi chovate\u013eka Katka Bal\u00e1\u017eov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1 r\u00f4zneho druhu by v\u0161ak \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdmi par\u0165\u00e1kmi by\u0165 mohli. S\u00fa prirodzene zvedav\u00e9 a\u00a0hrav\u00e9,\u00a0rovnako ako \u013eudsk\u00e9 ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1, s\u00fa e\u0161te nepo\u0161kvrnen\u00e9 ostra\u017eitos\u0165ou a\u00a0ned\u00f4verou k\u00a0inakosti. Zoologi\u010dka Silvia: \u201eV na\u0161ej ZOO sme sledovali nie\u010do podobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve medzi potomkami \u0161impanzov a\u00a0orangutanov. Kimani a\u00a0Vilmos s\u00fa pribli\u017ene v\u00a0rovnakom veku. Komunikuj\u00fa spolu, odkedy sa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t videli. Ke\u010f sa orangutany hnevaj\u00fa, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00fa ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00fd zvuk. Prskaj\u00fa pri tom \u00fastami. Kimani sa to od Vilmosa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo nau\u010dila. Ich hra tak vidite\u013ene spo\u010d\u00edva vo vz\u00e1jomnom pozorovan\u00ed sa a\u00a0napodob\u0148ovan\u00ed jeden druh\u00e9ho, hoci spolu nezdie\u013eaj\u00fa jeden priestor.\u201c Navy\u0161e, v\u00fdborne ovl\u00e1daj\u00fa svoj \u010duch – podobne ako in\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1. To len \u013eudia tak ve\u013emi stratili spojenie s\u00a0t\u00fdmto zmyslom.<\/p>\n
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Palma olejn\u00e1 a orangutan<\/strong><\/p>\nPokia\u013e ide o\u00a0kontakt s\u00a0\u013eu\u010fmi, nikdy sa nestretneme zo\u010di-vo\u010di, bez skla a bez mre\u017e\u00ed. Aspo\u0148 nie v\u00a0bratislavskej zoologickej z\u00e1hrade. V\u0161etk\u00fdm divok\u00fdm zvierat\u00e1m v\u00a0ZOO patr\u00ed, hoci s\u00fa od n\u00e1s plne z\u00e1visl\u00e9, aspo\u0148 ak\u00e1-tak\u00e1 suverenita. \u201eNavy\u0161e, v\u0161etky \u013eudoopy s\u00fa pre \u010dloveka nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1, a\u00a0to k\u00a0nemu nemusia ma\u0165 vyslovene zl\u00fd vz\u0165ah. Ve\u010f so svojimi chovate\u013emi maj\u00fa vybudovan\u00e9 \u00fazke put\u00e1, s\u00fa to predsa vysoko inteligentn\u00e9, emocion\u00e1lne tvory. Viem si dokonca predstavi\u0165, \u017ee v\u00a0pr\u00edpade nebezpe\u010denstva by sa ich sna\u017eili ochr\u00e1ni\u0165,\u201c vysvet\u013euje zoologi\u010dka Silvia. Nebezpe\u010denstvo pre \u010dloveka pod\u013ea nej spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0\u010domsi inom. Jednoducho len nevedia odhadn\u00fa\u0165, \u010do je \u010dlovek schopn\u00fd zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165, ak\u00fa nimi vyprodukovan\u00fa silu znesie. Ich kosti, ko\u017ea \u010di svaly s\u00fa ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a\u00a0silnej\u0161ie ako tie na\u0161e – jeden orangutan\u00ed stisk rukou m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00fa na\u0161u dol\u00e1ma\u0165. Chovate\u013eka Katka: \u201eHoci s nimi m\u00e1me minim\u00e1lny fyzick\u00fd kontakt, niekedy sa predsa len letmo jeden druh\u00e9ho dotkneme. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f si ber\u00fa z na\u0161ich r\u00fak potravu. Filip tie\u017e r\u00e1d o\u0161etruje ranky, je ve\u013emi pozorn\u00fd a priate\u013esk\u00fd. Ak m\u00e1m poranen\u00fd prst a uk\u00e1\u017eem mu kde, chv\u00ed\u013eu si to miesto premeriava a pozoruje ho, potom mi na\u0148 d\u00e1 bo\u017etek. Je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd.\u201d<\/p>\n
A ak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo pre orangutany predstavujeme my? Medzi \u010dlovekom a\u00a0orangutanom panuje v\u00a0pr\u00edrodnom prostred\u00ed tropick\u00fdch pralesov \u010falekej Indon\u00e9zie a Malajzie konkurencia. Doslova boj o\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje. Orangutany tento boj v\u00fdrazne prehr\u00e1vaj\u00fa a\u00a0spolu s\u00a0nimi aj in\u00e9 tvory\u00a0divo\u010diny – slony, tigre, nosoro\u017ece, drobn\u00fd hmyz a\u00a0vt\u00e1ctvo. Nezabudnime na p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch domorod\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed tie\u017e prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa o\u00a0svoj domov. Tipnete si, pre\u010do je to tak? Pre na\u0161e lieskovo-orie\u0161kov\u00e9 kr\u00e9my, kr\u00e9my na tv\u00e1r, svie\u010dky \u010di dezodoranty a\u00a0r\u00fa\u017ee na pery, \u0161amp\u00f3ny, \u010dokol\u00e1du a\u00a0krmiv\u00e1 pre zvierat\u00e1, maslo a\u00a0r\u00f4zne druhy polotovarov, dokonca aj pizzu. V\u0161etky tieto produkty toti\u017e obsahuj\u00fa jednu vra\u017eedn\u00fa zlo\u017eku pre biodiverzitu: palmov\u00fd olej. Nekontrolovate\u013en\u00fd dopyt \u010dloveka po vylisovan\u00fdch plodoch palmy olejnej m\u00e1\u00a0kon\u010din\u00e1ch, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch \u017eij\u00fa orangutany, obrovsk\u00fd dopad na miestny ekosyst\u00e9m a\u00a0ich pre\u017eitie v \u0148om. Za posledn\u00fdch sto rokov sa pre \u013eudsk\u00fa\u00a0nen\u00e1sytnos\u0165 dostali orangutany na sam\u00fd okraj vyhynutia a\u00a0dnes figuruj\u00fa na \u010dervenom liste kriticky ohrozen\u00fdch druhov. Ve\u010f z\u00a0nich za tie roky v divo\u010dine zostalo pribli\u017ene len 20 %, pri\u010dom 80 % vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00facej popul\u00e1cie Filipov\u00fdch, Mengalin\u00fdch i Vilmosov\u00fdch pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch je pre\u010d.<\/p>\n
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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-355_TH44461_retus-300x200.jpg\")
<\/a>\u010cas hr\u00e1 proti orangutanom<\/strong><\/p>\nAk\u00fd ich stihol osud? Zabit\u00ed ako \u0161kodcovia, zjeden\u00ed, predan\u00ed na \u010diernom trhu alebo s\u00edce zachr\u00e1nen\u00ed – no pre nebezpe\u010denstvo smrti pri odles\u0148ovan\u00ed odchovan\u00ed v\u00a0zajat\u00ed. Organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa venuj\u00fa ich z\u00e1chrane vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode, odhaduj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u00a0roku 2050 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zvy\u0161ky tropick\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch pralesov na Sumatre i\u00a0Borneu u\u017e bez slobodn\u00fdch orangutanov. Pre svetov\u00fa biodiverzitu i\u00a0pre hist\u00f3riu \u013eudsk\u00e9ho druhu to bude trag\u00e9dia. Posledn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va Medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00fanie na ochranu pr\u00edrody a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov (IUCN) potvrdzuje, \u017ee vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode \u017eije u\u017e len nie\u010do viac ako 13.000 jedincov. Do kar\u00e1t orangutanom nehr\u00e1 ani pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00fd reproduk\u010dn\u00fd \u010das. Zoologi\u010dka Silvia: \u201e\u00da\u017easne starostliv\u00e9 matky sa o ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1 staraj\u00fa osem a\u017e dev\u00e4\u0165 rokov, a\u017e potom priv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na svet \u010fal\u0161ie.\u201c Cie\u013eom pr\u00edrody bolo zrejme necha\u0165 mlad\u00e9 jedince nau\u010di\u0165 sa od matky pomaly a\u00a0prec\u00edzne v\u0161etko, \u010do bud\u00fa v\u00a0\u017eivote na vlastn\u00fa p\u00e4s\u0165 potrebova\u0165. Teraz bojuj\u00fa s\u00a0\u010dasom opreteky a\u00a0maj\u00fa na\u0148 pr\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1tke nohy. Aj preto orangutany \u017eij\u00face v\u00a0zajat\u00ed je ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9, a\u017e nemo\u017en\u00e9 vypusti\u0165 do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody. Zoologi\u010dka Silvia: \u201eSotva by sa prisp\u00f4sobili n\u00e1strah\u00e1m \u017eivota v\u00a0divo\u010dine. Nik ich cel\u00e9 tie roky neu\u010dil, ako sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 nepriate\u013eom – tigrom \u010di krokod\u00edlom, ak\u00e9 plody zbiera\u0165 a\u00a0ktor\u00fdm sa vyh\u00fdba\u0165. Ani samotn\u00e9 matky, ak boli odchovan\u00e9 v\u00a0zajat\u00ed, tak\u00e9to vedomosti nemaj\u00fa. Preto je podpora projektov na z\u00e1chranu orangutanov a rehabilita\u010dn\u00fdch centier operuj\u00facich priamo v\u00a0pr\u00edrode dnes ve\u013emi \u017eiaduca.\u201c<\/p>\n
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Diana Burgerov\u00e1<\/p>\n
foto iStock, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Hul\u00edk<\/p>\n
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Cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok si pre\u010d\u00edtate v apr\u00edlovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2021)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" OrangUtan (\u201elesn\u00fd mu\u017e\u201c), najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia stromov\u00e1 opica, jedin\u00fd \u013eudoop \u00c1zie. Plach\u00fd, tajupln\u00fd, samot\u00e1rsky \u010dervenohned\u00fd tvor, skr\u00fdvaj\u00faci sa v korun\u00e1ch nepreniknute\u013en\u00fdch tropick\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch pralesov Kalimantanu. Aj v\u010faka mal\u00fdm \u017eiv\u00fdm o\u010dk\u00e1m p\u00f4sob\u00ed neuverite\u013ene \u013eudsky. \u00a0 Ke\u010f si ma Filip, 21-ro\u010dn\u00fd orangutan sumatriansky, kone\u010dne v\u0161imol, ako \u010dup\u00edm za obrovsk\u00fdm sklom pavil\u00f3nu prim\u00e1tov v\u00a0na\u0161ej ZOO, pomaly podi\u0161iel ku mne. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-april-2021","category-zoo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9706"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9714,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9706\/revisions\/9714"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s298.jpg\")
<\/a>Ke\u010f si ma Filip, 21-ro\u010dn\u00fd orangutan sumatriansky, kone\u010dne v\u0161imol, ako \u010dup\u00edm za obrovsk\u00fdm sklom pavil\u00f3nu prim\u00e1tov v\u00a0na\u0161ej ZOO, pomaly podi\u0161iel ku mne. \u0164ahal pritom za sebou svoju dlh\u00fa oran\u017eov\u00fa, miestami a\u017e \u010derven\u00fa srs\u0165. Sadol si oproti mne a\u00a0presne tak, ako by som to na jeho mieste urobila ja, keby na m\u0148a niekto civel spoza skla, nav\u00e1\u017eil sa na m\u00farik a\u00a0zvedavo si podoprel hlavu \u013eavou, temer \u013eudskou rukou. Mo\u017eno prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eal, kto som a \u010do vlastne chcem. Chv\u00ed\u013eu sme si navz\u00e1jom pozerali do o\u010d\u00ed. Tie jeho o\u010di, zapadnut\u00e9 v\u00a0pretiahnutej tv\u00e1ri s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm \u010delom, s\u00fa s\u00edce ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako moje, no s\u00fa takmer rovnak\u00e9. Spoza Filipovho chrbta sa po chv\u00edli vynorilo aj strapat\u00e9 ml\u00e1\u010fa orangutana, Vilmos. Jeho mama Mengala ma s\u00a0odstupom jej vlastn\u00fdm sledovala z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ky.<\/p>\n