![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/s-495_u-foto-240-of-345-300x187.jpg\")
<\/a>V\u00a0jednom rozhovore ste spomenuli, \u017ee najm\u00e4 v\u00a0online priestore si na intu\u00edciu treba d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor, pre\u010do? <\/strong><\/p>\n\u013dudsk\u00e1 intu\u00edcia je skvel\u00fdm, dokonale vyladen\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd sa v n\u00e1s vyv\u00edjal desa\u0165tis\u00edce rokov. Funguje \u010dasto takmer dokonale. Ale za jednej podmienky – situ\u00e1cia, v\u00a0ktorej na\u0161u intu\u00edciu pou\u017e\u00edvame, nesmie by\u0165 nov\u00e1, neprirodzen\u00e1. V\u00a0oby\u010dajn\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa za posledn\u00e9 tis\u00edcro\u010dia pr\u00edli\u0161 nezmenili, napr\u00edklad pri rozhovore tv\u00e1rou v\u00a0tv\u00e1r, sa m\u00f4\u017eeme obvykle o\u00a0intu\u00edciu oprie\u0165. Ako si m\u00e1 ale intu\u00edcia poradi\u0165 so svetom internetu, s\u00a0\u00faplne nov\u00fdm univerzom, na ktor\u00e9 nebola tr\u00e9novan\u00e1? Navy\u0161e, internet je pln\u00fd manipul\u00e1torov, ktor\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve evolu\u010dn\u00e9 nedostatky na\u0161ej intu\u00edcie. Je preto rozumn\u00e9 nespolieha\u0165 sa pri surfovan\u00ed po webe na svoje in\u0161tinkty. Rad\u0161ej sa rozhodujme opatrne, pomaly a\u00a0racion\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nVenujete sa aj kritick\u00e9mu mysleniu. Ako si ho m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s? <\/strong><\/p>\nKritick\u00e9 myslenie nie je \u017eiadna tajn\u00e1, \u0161peci\u00e1lna schopnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa sa mus\u00edte nau\u010di\u0165 na nejakom drahom kurze. V\u00a0podstate ide o\u00a0s\u00fabor oby\u010dajn\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvate. Trik je v\u00a0tom – pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich o\u00a0\u010dosi zru\u010dnej\u0161ie, vedomej\u0161ie a\u00a0efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie. Ide napr\u00edklad o\u00a0pr\u00e1cu s\u00a0\u010d\u00edslami, \u010d\u00edtanie grafov, cit pre slov\u00e1, logiku, porozumenie m\u00e9di\u00e1m a\u00a0podobne. V\u00a0t\u00fdchto oby\u010dajn\u00fdch schopnostiach sa m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 naozaj ka\u017ed\u00fd a\u00a0nestoj\u00ed to ani ve\u013emi ve\u013ea n\u00e1mahy.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nS\u00a0va\u0161ou pr\u00edru\u010dkou pre stredn\u00e9 \u0161koly \u201eAko kriticky myslie\u0165\u201c ste precestovali viacero \u0161k\u00f4l. Ako s\u00fa na tom s\u00a0kritick\u00fdm myslen\u00edm slovensk\u00ed t\u00edned\u017eeri? <\/strong><\/p>\nMedzi jednotliv\u00fdmi \u0161kolami existuj\u00fa obrovsk\u00e9 rozdiely. A\u00a0nie je to tak, \u017ee v\u0161etky dobr\u00e9 \u0161koly s\u00fa v\u00a0Bratislave \u010di vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u0161etky zl\u00e9 \u0161koly s\u00fa na vidieku. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee sa to l\u00e1me na dvoch veciach. Po prv\u00e9, \u010di \u0161tudenti na danej \u0161kole c\u00edtia, \u017ee maj\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165. Bol som napr\u00edklad na lesn\u00edckom u\u010dili\u0161ti, kde mi \u0161tudenti hovorili, \u017ee aj tak nebud\u00fa lesn\u00edkmi, preto\u017ee v\u0161etky poz\u00edcie v\u00a0regi\u00f3ne s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00ed lesn\u00edci aj\u00a0tak rozdelia rodine a\u00a0zn\u00e1mym. Ak\u00fa motiv\u00e1ciu maj\u00fa t\u00edto \u0161tudenti vzdel\u00e1va\u0165 sa? Po druh\u00e9, ide samozrejme o\u00a0kvalitu u\u010dite\u013esk\u00e9ho zboru. Niekedy sta\u010dia dve \u010di tri \u0161ikovn\u00e9 u\u010dite\u013eky a\u00a0atmosf\u00e9ra \u0161koly sa r\u00fdchlo zmen\u00ed k\u00a0lep\u0161iemu.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nAk\u00fd celkov\u00fd dojem vo v\u00e1s zanechalo \u0161kolstvo?<\/strong><\/p>\nNie je tajomstvom, \u017ee na\u0161e \u0161kolstvo je zastaran\u00e9 a\u00a0nedofinancovan\u00e9. Je na tom podobne ako zdravotn\u00edctvo. Existuje nieko\u013eko skvel\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa zdroje, n\u00e1pady a\u00a0\u0161ikovn\u00e9 vedenie, ale vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine \u0161k\u00f4l je to sk\u00f4r z\u00e1pas o\u00a0pre\u017eitie. Ide v\u0161ak tie\u017e o\u00a0to, \u010di v\u00f4bec mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom vieme zabezpe\u010di\u0165 d\u00f4stojn\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165. Veria dne\u0161n\u00ed \u0161tudenti, \u017ee na Slovensku sa vzdelan\u00fdm mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom bude dobre \u017ei\u0165? Ako tomu m\u00f4\u017eu veri\u0165, ke\u010f samotn\u00ed \u010dlenovia vl\u00e1dy v\u00f4bec nezakr\u00fdvaj\u00fa, \u017ee \u0161tudovali nepoctivo a\u00a0diplomov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce si odp\u00edsali \u010di k\u00fapili? T\u00ed naj\u0161ikovnej\u0161\u00ed \u0161tudenti od\u00eddu do zahrani\u010dia. A\u00a0mnoh\u00ed sa nevr\u00e1tia. A\u00a0t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ostan\u00fa, bud\u00fa st\u00e1\u0165 pred \u0165a\u017ekou vo\u013ebou – bu\u010f sa prisp\u00f4sobia priemernosti a\u00a0syst\u00e9mu drobn\u00fdch podvodov, alebo bud\u00fa cel\u00fd \u017eivot v\u00a0men\u0161ine.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nPred rovnakou vo\u013ebou ste st\u00e1li aj vy. Pre\u010do ste zostali na Slovensku? <\/strong><\/p>\nMysl\u00edm si, \u017ee korene s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Neviem, \u010di by som sa rovnako doma ako na Slovensku dok\u00e1zal c\u00edti\u0165, povedzme, na Novom Z\u00e9lande. Moja man\u017eelka v\u0161ak poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0Moravy, a tak je celkom mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee nakoniec zakotv\u00edme v\u00a0\u010ceskej republike.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nSte otcom dvoch det\u00ed, \u010do pova\u017eujete za najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie pri ich v\u00fdchove? <\/strong><\/p>\nSo \u017eenou sa sna\u017e\u00edme, aby na\u0161e deti neboli pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od obrazoviek. D\u00f4sledne im preto br\u00e1nime v\u00a0kontakte s\u00a0telev\u00edzorom (ten sme ani doma nikdy nemali), s\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi i\u00a0mobilmi. Dovol\u00edme len polhodinku rozpr\u00e1vok denne. A\u00a0tie\u017e sa sna\u017e\u00edme s\u00a0de\u0165mi ve\u013ea rozpr\u00e1va\u0165. Moja \u017eena je navy\u0161e ve\u013emi \u0161ikovn\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00f4znych kreat\u00edvnych veciach, tak spolu majstruj\u00fa obr\u00e1zky, \u0161aty pre b\u00e1biky a \u010fal\u0161ie veci. Na Troch kr\u00e1\u013eov sme napr\u00edklad koledovali u\u00a0kamar\u00e1tov v\u00a0kost\u00fdmoch. Ke\u010f\u017ee sme \u0161tyria a\u00a0kr\u00e1li m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 len traja, bol som za kom\u00e9tu.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\u010c\u00edm v\u00e1s deti naposledy prekvapili?<\/strong><\/p>\nNed\u00e1vno ma prekvapil syn, ke\u010f zo \u0161k\u00f4lky priniesol piest z\u00a0motorky. Je to kr\u00e1sna s\u00fa\u010diastka, aj ke\u010f dos\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1. Dostal ho od kamar\u00e1ta, ktor\u00fd je fan\u00fa\u0161ikom motoriek. Ve\u013emi sa mi to p\u00e1\u010dilo, ke\u010f\u017ee dospel\u00ed re\u0161pektovali deti v\u00a0ich rozhodnutiach o dare. Rodi\u010dia kamar\u00e1ta mu dovolili prinies\u0165 si piest do \u0161k\u00f4lky, ani pani u\u010dite\u013eky nikoho nezahriakli a\u00a0my sme zasa dovolili synovi donies\u0165 si ho domov. Samozrejme, v\u0161etko sa odohralo bezpe\u010dne, piest je \u010dist\u00fd, nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne ostr\u00e9 hrany. Je to, jednoducho, len nezvy\u010dajn\u00fd dar\u010dek.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nAko m\u00f4\u017eeme nau\u010di\u0165 kritick\u00e9mu mysleniu men\u0161ie deti? <\/strong><\/p>\nKritick\u00e9 myslenie sa rod\u00ed v\u00a0bezpe\u010dnom prostred\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0otvorenom rozhovore. Ke\u010f sa die\u0165a \u010di mlad\u00fd \u010dlovek boj\u00ed vyslovi\u0165 svoj n\u00e1zor, preto\u017ee ho rodi\u010dia nepo\u010d\u00favaj\u00fa, alebo ho rovno zahriaknu, nem\u00f4\u017ee sa nau\u010di\u0165 kriticky myslie\u0165. Ak teda chceme, v\u00a0ka\u017edom veku, vies\u0165 na\u0161e deti ku kritick\u00e9mu mysleniu, mali by sme sa s\u00a0nimi zhov\u00e1ra\u0165 a\u00a0najm\u00e4 ich trpezlivo a\u00a0bez predsudkov po\u010d\u00fava\u0165.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nKe\u010f s\u00a0nami niekto nes\u00fahlas\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eeme argumentova\u0165 d\u00e1tami a\u00a0faktami. \u010co v\u0161ak vtedy, ke\u010f n\u00e1\u0161ho oponenta logick\u00e1 argument\u00e1cia nezauj\u00edma? <\/strong><\/p>\nVo v\u0161eobecnosti \u013eudia viac reaguj\u00fa na pr\u00edbehy, ne\u017e na such\u00e9 d\u00e1ta. Zoberme si ako pr\u00edklad o\u010dkovanie. M\u00f4\u017eete stokr\u00e1t zdie\u013ea\u0165 \u0161tatistiku, pod\u013ea ktorej o\u010dkovanie obrovskou mierou zni\u017euje riziko \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho priebehu covidu, ale zapam\u00e4t\u00e1 si to len ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo \u013eud\u00ed. Ale smutn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o\u00a0tom, ako sa \u010desk\u00e1 folkov\u00e1 spev\u00e1\u010dka nakaz\u00ed naschv\u00e1l covidom, aby sa nemusela da\u0165 zao\u010dkova\u0165, a\u00a0potom, \u017eia\u013e, chorobe pod\u013eahne, to si zapam\u00e4t\u00e1 mnohon\u00e1sobne viac \u013eud\u00ed. Trik teda spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0tom, ako vedeck\u00e9 d\u00e1ta pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom, \u010di u\u017e cez pr\u00edbehy lek\u00e1rov a\u00a0sestri\u010diek v\u00a0nemocniciach, alebo cez pr\u00edbehy oby\u010dajn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, napr\u00edklad t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa nechceli da\u0165 zao\u010dkova\u0165, ale napokon zmenili n\u00e1zor.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nNec\u00edtite niekedy bezmocnos\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\nOsobne nem\u00e1m ve\u013emi amb\u00edciu druh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed nasilu presvied\u010da\u0165, a\u00a0preto nec\u00edtim ani bezmocnos\u0165, ak sa mi to nedar\u00ed. Sme stvoren\u00ed ako slobodn\u00e9 bytosti a\u00a0nie je v\u00a0sil\u00e1ch jedn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka vzia\u0165 nasilu druh\u00e9mu jeho n\u00e1zor. Napokon, sk\u00fasenosti lek\u00e1rov z\u00a0nemocn\u00edc hovoria, \u017ee mnohokr\u00e1t ani smr\u0165 bl\u00ed\u017eneho na covid nepresved\u010d\u00ed jeho pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch, aby sa dali zao\u010dkova\u0165. Ak by si toti\u017e priznali chybu, museli by si prizna\u0165 aj svoj diel viny, a\u00a0to je ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nTu sa dost\u00e1vame aj k \u013eudskej zranite\u013enosti. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ju prejavova\u0165? <\/strong><\/p>\nJe to paradox. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa siln\u00ed, dok\u00e1\u017eu uk\u00e1za\u0165 svoju slabos\u0165. A\u00a0naopak, slabosi sa schov\u00e1vaj\u00fa za fas\u00e1dou sily. Ke\u010f v\u00e1m teda niekto tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161etko zvl\u00e1dne a\u00a0v\u0161etko prekon\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 istotu, \u017ee v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti si pr\u00edli\u0161 never\u00ed. Zdie\u013ean\u00e1 zranite\u013enos\u0165 zbli\u017euje. Ak napr\u00edklad svojej babi\u010dke vynad\u00e1te, \u017ee je hl\u00fapa, \u017ee sa nenech\u00e1 o\u010dkova\u0165, uzavrie sa pred vami a\u00a0urob\u00ed si po svojom. Ak jej ale naopak uk\u00e1\u017eete, \u017ee sa o\u00a0\u0148u autenticky boj\u00edte, preto\u017ee ju m\u00e1te radi, m\u00f4\u017eete ju t\u00fdm presved\u010di\u0165. Samozrejme, otvori\u0165 sa druh\u00e9mu \u010dloveku m\u00f4\u017eeme len vtedy, ke\u010f sa sami c\u00edtime vn\u00fatorne siln\u00ed a\u00a0ist\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 otvorenos\u0165 je riskantn\u00e1, a\u00a0preto mus\u00edme opatrne zva\u017eova\u0165, kedy si ju m\u00f4\u017eeme dovoli\u0165.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 mus\u00edme robi\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u010di men\u0161ie rozhodnutia. \u010co zvykne \u013eu\u010fom komplikova\u0165 rozhodovanie?<\/strong><\/p>\nObvykle je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom perfekcionizmus. Chceme, aby v\u0161etko bolo dokonal\u00e9, a\u00a0preto nie sme schopn\u00ed rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 sa pre dobr\u00e9 veci. Niektor\u00ed \u013eudia napr\u00edklad roky h\u013eadaj\u00fa vysnen\u00fd byt, aby si potom – celkom vy\u010derpan\u00ed – priznali, \u017ee dokonal\u00e9 b\u00fdvanie existuje len v\u00a0ich snoch. Dokonal\u00e9 je nepriate\u013eom dobr\u00e9ho. Nechcime dokonalos\u0165, chcime, aby veci boli dobr\u00e9, a\u00a0to n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa rozhodova\u0165. Druh\u00fd probl\u00e9m pri rozhodovan\u00ed nast\u00e1va napr\u00edklad vtedy, ke\u010f s\u00fa obe alternat\u00edvy pribli\u017ene rovnocenn\u00e9. Vtedy mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia upadn\u00fa do strnulosti. Ve\u010f ako sa maj\u00fa rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je lep\u0161ia, ke\u010f s\u00fa vlastne obe rovnako dobr\u00e9. A\u00a0vtedy hovor\u00edm – ke\u010f s\u00fa obe rovnako dobr\u00e9, to je skvel\u00e9! Treba si jednu r\u00fdchlo vybra\u0165 a\u00a0\u00eds\u0165 \u010falej, preto\u017ee ani pri jednej neurob\u00edte chybu.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Zuzana Zimmermannov\u00e1<\/p>\n
foto Ras\u0165o Bla\u0161ko \/ arch\u00edv Akad\u00e9mie kritick\u00e9ho myslenia<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Cel\u00fd rozhovor si pre\u010d\u00edtate v marcovom \u010d\u00edsle MIAU (2022)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sme hladn\u00ed. Re\u010d pritom nie je o\u00a0\u0161kv\u0155kan\u00ed v bruchu, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s ob\u010das potr\u00e1pi, ale o\u00a0naliehavom pocite zvl\u00e1\u0161tneho pr\u00e1zdna, ktor\u00fd obsiahne cel\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165. J\u00e1n Marko\u0161, \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd \u0161achov\u00fd ve\u013emajster, lektor kritick\u00e9ho myslenia a\u00a0spisovate\u013e, sa rozhodol cestu z\u00a0tejto la\u010dnoty h\u013eada\u0165 cez \u013eudskos\u0165 a najm\u00e4 bl\u00edzkos\u0165 – k\u00a0pr\u00edrode, k\u00a0druh\u00fdm, k\u00a0mnohorak\u00fdm podob\u00e1m kr\u00e1sy, k vede a\u00a0najm\u00e4 k\u00a0sebe sam\u00fdm. \u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interview","category-marec-2022"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9884"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9890,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9884\/revisions\/9890"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.miaumagazin.sk\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/s-519_foto-242-of-345.jpg\")
<\/a>Vo va\u0161ej najnov\u0161ej knihe Bli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0sebe hovor\u00edte, \u017ee napriek materi\u00e1lnemu bohatstvu a\u00a0dostatku \u017eijeme v\u00a0\u010dase hladu. \u010co je jeho d\u00f4vodom?<\/strong><\/p>\n